Kraft Foods M;a

Written Case Analysis On Case studied by: Case: Cadbury agrees, Kraft takeover bid Story: In 2009, the US food company  Kraft Foods launched a hostile bid for Cadbury, the UK-listed chocolate maker. Cadbury  is a popular British  confectionery  company and is the industry's second-largest globally after  Mars, Incorporated. It was acquired by Kraft Foods in January 19, 2010.As became clear almost exactly two years later in August 2011, Cadbury was the final acquisition necessary to allow  Kraft to be restructured and indeed split  into two companies by the end of 2012: a grocery business worth approximately $16bn; and a $32bn global snacks business. A â€Å"Krafty† Approach to Cadbury: Cadbury, founded by John Cadbury in 1824 in Birmingham, England, had also grown through mergers and demergers. When the Kraft Foods on September 7, 2009 made its first indicative takeover bid for Cadbury, it was rejected stating that it undervalued the company.It was rejected again on November 9, 2009 before the Cadbury agreed Kraft after launching a formal, hostile bid valuing the firm at ? 9. 8  billion on 19 January 2010. Pre-acquisition: Ownership of the company was 49 per cent from the US, despite its UK listing and headquarters. Only 5 per cent of its shares were owned by short-term traders at the time of the Kraft bid. The Response: The acquisition of Cadbury faced widespread disapproval from the British public, as well as groups and organizations including trade union, Unite.Unite estimated that a takeover by Kraft could put 30,000 jobs â€Å"at risk†. Controversially,  RBS, a bank 84% owned by the United Kingdom Government, funded the Kraft takeover. The Challenge: The challenge for Kraft was how to buy Cadbury when it was not for sale. Not only was Cadbury not for sale, but it actively resisted the Kraft takeover. Its first act was to brand the 745 pence-per-share offer â€Å"unattractive†, saying that it â€Å"fundamentally under valued the company†. The team made clear that even if the company had o succumb to an unwanted takeover, almost any other confectionery company (Nestle, Ferrero and Hershey) would be preferred as the buyer. In addition, Lord Mandelson, then the UK’s business secretary, publicly declared that the government would oppose any buyer who failed to â€Å"respect† the historic confectioner. Why Cadbury? * To extend the business : Location, markets, globalization * Change competitive structures: consolidation, remove competition, economies of scale * Improve business capabilities: Access better technology, stimulate innovation Post Acquisition:A few months after Kraft acquired Cadbury in an $18. 9-billion hostile takeover,  Sanjay Khosla, the head of Kraft's operations in developing markets, called the merger a marriage made in heaven. Not everyone at the Indian company will agree — certainly not the 20-odd senior executives across functions such as supply chain , sales, legal and finance who have resigned since the integration began.The nub of the problem, though, is that the Cadbury side of the operation feels it is not getting the attention it deserves for its dominant position in the Indian market. Revenues grew by 27% in 2010, making India one of the fastest-growing operations for Kraft globally. And Cadbury brands account for over 90% of revenues of roughly Rs 2,500 crore. Growth in the current year is expected to be even higher. Kraft, on the other hand, hasn't focused on India in the past, and is now trying to make up for lost time by riding on its more successful ally.

The Life of Alfred Binet

On July 8, 1857, Alfred Binet was born in Nice, France. He took a different tack than most psychologists of his day: he was interested in the workings of the normal mind rather than the pathology of mental illness. He wanted to find a way to measure the ability to think and reason, apart from education in any particular field (PBS, 1998). Over time, Binet became one of the most prominent psychologists in French history. After receiving his formal education in Nice and Paris, Binet became a lawyer. However, this profession did not please him. He became fascinated with the work of French neurologist Jean Martin Charcot, who was studying hypnosis. In 1878, he abandoned his law career and devoted himself to medical and scientific studies at the Salpà ªtriere Hospital in Paris, where Charcot was working. In 1884, Alfred married Laure Balbiani. Her father, E.G. Balbiani, was an embryologist at the College de France. Alfred was given the opportunity to work in his lab where his interest changed from comparative psychology to natural science. Research for his doctorate focused on the behavior, physiology, histology and anatomy of insects (Wolfe, 1973). While working in Dr. Balbiani†s lab, Binet wrote Animal Magnetism. Binet†s next area of interest was in the field of child psychology. He developed and tried a wide range of tests and puzzles on his own daughters Madeleine and Alice. It was through this study of his daughters that he began to discover the importance of attention span on the development of adult intelligence. It was at this point that he came to realize that individual differences had to be systematically explored before one could determine laws which would apply to all people (Pollack, 1995). Binet went on to became director of the Laboratory of Physiological Psychology at the Sorbonne in Paris. While at the Sorbonne, he founded the first French journal devoted to psychology, L†Annee Psychologique. Binet used the journal to publish the results of his research studies. The journal is still in circulation. In 1900, Binet and Ferdinand Buisson established, La Societe Libre Pour L†Etude Psychologique de L†Enfant (The Free Society for the Psychological Study of Children), a Paris laboratory for child study and experimental teaching. It was later renamed La Societe Alfred Binet et Thedore Simon. The laboratory†s concerns dealt with practical problems in the school setting. Parisian school authorities asked Binet to develop a method to identify children who were unable to learn at a normal rate. He went on to develop a method that could measure the intelligence of every child as dull, bright, or normal (Newland, 1998). Binet determined that complex problems, especially those involving abstract thinking, were best for separating the bright and dull students. Since problem-solving ability grows rapidly during childhood, Binet decided to make an age scale of intelligence. He chose tasks for each age level that could be performed by most youngsters of that age but that could not be done by the majority of children a year younger. In 1905, Binet and Theodore Simon published a scale of intelligence for children from 3 to 13. Binet hoped his test would be used to improve children†s education, but he also feared it would be used to label children and limit their opportunities (Myers, 1981). Since 1905, several adaptations and revisions of the Binet-Simon scales have been published all around the world. On October 18, 1911, while revising intelligence scales, he died. Despite his great achievements, he was never fully appreciated, especially by the French. His work was diverse, showing interest in the person as a whole. While Binet never provided any firm theories, his work was often the precursor of more detailed and profound research.

BSc (Hons) Computing & Web Technologies Coursework

BSc (Hons) Computing & Web Technologies - Coursework Example Over the years, e-commerce gained tremendous recognition and still going across the globe even to the remotest country ever. Dealing business through e-commerce entails fundamentals to succeed in this business approach. Establishing a successful online gateway for your targeted customer needs some internet elements established for the market. This may not only be limited to the physical server where the data are stored but may be detailed as far as visibility, accessibility and security concerns. E-commerce extends to provide and online ordering system and may apply to any business industry desiring to offer online business with their customers. This project aims to create an online Restaurant Order System which will be a web-based application that seeks to increase the number of customer by offering online order system subsequently increase sales. East Eat Chinese Takeaway is the prospect establishment for the implementation of the said system. The web application will provide menu details and provides a shopping cart for customers placing orders online. Eventually, a checkout tool is linked to the shopping cart to proceed with the payment. Delivery details will be asked during checkout. Keywords: Restaurant Order System, E-commerce, Online Shopping, Online Payments via Credit Cards 1 Introduction Today, many companies are shifting to web-centric computing to support their business enterprises. It is important to build resiliency into business operations, but it is just as important to build resiliency into a company's customer handling. One way to achieve this is by adopting

Strategic Knowledge Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Strategic Knowledge Management - Essay Example s units, and work groups has been perceived to be the best strategies for capturing and spreading ideas and know-how within and without the organization. In lieu of this, and the unabated complexity and knowledge multiplicity of many organizations, Checkland’s (1999) assertion that â€Å"We see in the world many examples of sets of human activities related to each other so that they can be viewed as a whole† can be perceived to be factual and expressive of the inherent facts in many organizations despite the trivial reasons that some give for its disqualification. This paper will candidly and comprehensively analyze Checkland’s statement through an extensive review of literatures and drawing on concepts from soft systems thinking, intellectual capital, and communities of practice as well as knowledge management. Peter Checkland developed the SSM (Soft systems methodology) in 1981. The motive behind the development was to develop a strategy for evaluating intricate problem situations and ascertaining satisfactory improvements that suit such situations. According to Jennings and Wattam (1998), SSM helps in attaining improvement to the system through a multistage progression of information collection, explanation, examination, and discussion (p. 36). For instance, an organization experiencing a high labor turnover has to resolve the situation before it detriments the attainment of organizational objectives. From an SSM perspective, the realization that the organization is facing high labor turnover is in reality an outcome of a careful observation of the situation. Intricate details regarding the problem will be collected from various personnel including the HR managers and various departmental heads and recorded by the team of expertise contracted to analyze the situation which will ordinaril y involve more other members from the organization (Ali & Akdemir, 2001, p. 336). Employees will offer their opinions and attitudes regarding the situation. The qualitative

The Blue Wall of Silence and Police Culteral Term Paper

The Blue Wall of Silence and Police Culteral - Term Paper Example Their misconduct is not only tolerated but accepted and defended. Whistle in an important little instrument in the life of policemen but when he does not blow it against a fellow policeman who deserves to be reprimanded and punished he adds one more brick to â€Å"The Blue Wall of Silence.† The difference between the politician and the policeman is, the job of the former is for a fixed term, and the latter will render disservice to the people till the age of retirement. The saving grace for this harsh observation is the statement is not applicable to all. A microscopic minority of honest people exists amongst the police personnel as well and the rare find of a duty-conscious, law abiding police hero excites the Hollywood movie-makers. Police force works under tremendous pressure. In every case fast results are demanded by the aggrieved party, but being part of the law enforcing agency it has to follow the rules and while doing so, an investigating officer has pressure building at the back of his mind, that his actions and reporting are liable for legal scrutiny. The greatest bane of working in the police department is the political interference in their day to day functioning. Every accused person is a voter and expects that his elected representative comes to his rescue, even if one has committed an act of offence. To face demonstrations and protests of the people is part of their life and every police officer is suspect and corrupt from the perspective of the public. Police service is not like any other service. In some details it is tougher than the army service. The army personnel are generally busy and work under perilous circumstances in times of war. War ends, and their harsh responsibility is over to a great extent. For the policemen, the call of duty is 24x7 hours and they have to deal with different types of personalities, of varying temperaments. They face pressure constantly to solve cases with breakneck speed, and receive rebuke from higher authorities who sometimes want them to perform the impossible. In the discharge of their duties, some mistakes are committed and they are naturally inclined to go to the rescue of their colleagues, who stray from the path of law, rules and regulations applicable to the police force, resort to illegal brutality especially when dealing with the hardened criminals and repeat offenders. They have no misgivings about their stance and quote offences committed by people like taking bribes, stealing goods and money. Police officers have their own convention of defending their colleagues and taking them to task when necessary. Taking money or property in the form of bribes and kickbacks is viewed seriously, as they affect the morale of the department, and such offences are reported to the appropriate authorities for action. Policemen have also been awarded strict punishment on use of excessive force and also against practice of racism. In November, 2012, a federal jury in Chicago gave a judg ment in favor of a complainant and against the city on a claim that the city had a persistently prevalent custom or practice of shielding officers from citizen complaints. The suit had been brought by a female bartender who had been beaten by an off-duty officer. Such a practice was concealment and suppression of investigations into police misconduct and it was an unwritten â€Å"

Team sport economics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Team sport economics - Essay Example Sports characters, occasion, and organizations influence our society in a wide, diverse and sometimes in unanticipated ways. Some of the most critical policy issues stirring sports in the contemporary world originate from an interdisciplinary overview that includes economics, history, urbanization, non-profit administration, public health communications, political science and philosophy (Mildner and Santo, 2010 p.13).This essay critically evaluates the approaches and policies incorporated by North American sports and European Sports to achieve a competitive balance through the examination of competitive balance in Philosophy and Policy1. Generally, policies and philosophies in sports enable us to comprehend and asses complicated and disputed topics in the word of sport today especially in this paper, the National Football League (NFL) and the European League. Policies and philosophy usually review affairs related to professional sports along with the outstanding natures of American and European sports. In addition they deal with matters concerning decision making, conflict resolution, cities and public finance and economics2. As part of sports’ history, policies and philosophies are the building foundations of leagues strengths and weaknesses (Bell, 1950 p.76). Moreover, when examining policies and philosophies in sports, one should consider the economic impact and consequences because they work conjointly. Policy analysts and organizations must put into consideration the extremity of the economic impact analysis in order to ensure that they base their findings and decisions on the appropriate outputs3. Particularly, this is a fundamental basic requirement as it relates to the role of the opportunity cost. (Rosentraub, 2007 p.223). For instance, one way used by American and European sports organizations to achieve a competitive balance is through the use of proposed annual payments on bonds sold to investors

Political science Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words - 1

Political science - Essay Example The U.S. victory can be attributed to their decisive plans for naval control on the western pacific wing during the World War II. This operation was carried out with little knowledge of modern operational ideas. It is for this reason that both sides experienced tactical shortcomings that halted the entire mission and objective of the operation. This paper shall analyze the battle for Leyte Gulf with its main focus on the principles and art of military operation by the U.S. and Japan. In this regard the paper will focus on command decisions by the U.S. and Japanese naval commanders with a view of coming up with modern principles that can be applied in future operations. Principles of operation The success of any warfare mission depends solely on the ability of the commander to identify the aim, decipher the strategic factors of his operation, select and organize his forces and design a plan to achieve the objective of the operation. Normally, the commander’s role involves integ ration and coordination of an operation in a way as to inflict shock, disrupt and defeat the enemy. This is possible when the entire operation injects force on a totally different measure. In so doing, the commander ought to choose the correct course of action as dictated by ground factors by selecting factors pertinent to operations guided by the philosophy of operational art. The planning, synchronization and the conduct of operational functions have some impacts on the belligerents. This paper intends to discuss the aftereffects of the operational functions of the military in relation to planning, synchronization and execution. To achieve this aim, the impacts of the operational functions to belligerents in the Leyte Gulf operation will be discussed. The Leyte Gulf operation, also termed as the battles for Leyte Gulf, was a battle that occurred during the Second World War, from the 23rd to the 25th of October 1944. It aimed at the liberation of Philippines. Allied forces of the U .S.A and Australia and the Imperial Japanese Navy were the protagonists in the battle (Adamsky, 2010). The battle started with the invasion of Leyte’s island by the ground forces of the allied forces led by general Douglas Mac Arthur. The Japanese fleet took up the battle to defeat the invasion, but got defeated by the U.S. seventh fleet led by Vice Admiral Thomas Kinkaid and the fleet led by Admiral William. The battle got divided into four engagements which were the battle of Samar, the battle of cape Engano, the battle of Surigao strait, and the battle of the Sibuyan Sea. Preparation and Planning The main objective of the operation was to capture Leyte Gulf. The U.S. naval forces approached the attack using two axes, one under the leadership of Admiral Nimitz. This was designed to advance its operations towards a westerly strategic axis with the sole purpose of capturing the Marianas, Palau, Gilbert and Marshall Islands. The second set of forces, the southwest pacific forc es, under the command of General Douglas followed a northwesterly tactical axis all the way through Guinea and Morotai. The two axes were expected to intersect at Leyte. According to the leading commanders, the intersection would act as a stepping stone for effective takeover of Philippines. This was a strategic move in the heart of the operation as this was designed to cut off communication of Japanese sea lines disadvantaging their retaliation. In

Health promotion teaching plan Term Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Health promotion teaching plan - Term Paper Example These may include; Several jobs demand customary contact with other clients at work. Poor or uncooperative relationships with workmates and supervisors can be an impending source of strain. In addition, stress can occur if a person feels isolated or unjustly treated. Poor job relationships can be a consequence of (Blais & Hayes, 2011): Methods and materials applied in teaching border are capturing essential statistics that aim in noting the magnitude of their impact in the society. Materials, mainly questionnaire, pens and books are relevant in this case. Magnitudes of the stress levels are notable in the eventual cases such as physical, work-related and emotional symptoms. The labeling and consideration of the above noted symptoms validate the noting of the range of the symptoms considerable. Ritualistically, numerous or more than one symptom is notably acknowledgeable before a nurse is considered to have a compassion fatigue. Teaching session takes into account the effectiveness desirable for eventual success measuring of the teaching plan. In the process, the teacher is expected to be realistic since he or she is considered the best judge of his or her activities in the entire process. Noting of the expected is definitely insurmountable in the process. With tasks on how to derive and portray the impacts of the plan critical measures on indicating how the measures cropped up is highly relevant in assuming the eventual results of the model (Blais & Hayes, 2011). With the application of the phone, post test and surveys, extensive data is well achieved in realization of each objective

Deconstruction Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Deconstruction - Essay Example Allan Poe was born in in 1809, in Boston. His father was called David Poe while the mother was Elizabeth Arnold Hopkins. He lost his parents before he was three, and he had to move to Virginia to live with a wealthy tradesman called John Allan. John took Poe as one of his sons. Poe went to private school and conflicts occurred between him and his guardians when he decided to pursue literary works. He attended university of Virginia, but his dropped after the first year. He had gambling debts and his guardians refused to settle the debts. He joined the army and became sergeant major. He later quit the army. He wrote many literary works. He wrote many poems when he was in West point. His life became miserable when he became a heavy drinker and smoker. He went through many problems in his live that helped him write many poems. His nature of being a heavy drinker is even realized in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†. His literary talent would not have been that interesting if were no t the way his behavior and character influenced his writing. His love for alcohol helped him incorporating the abuse of alcohol in his work. A clear evidenced in â€Å"The Cask of Amontillado†, where he used Fortunato show the effects of heavy drinking in the society. The names that have been used in Poe’s work have some hidden meaning. ... The name sherry could be used to mean a titular amontillado. Therefore, in Italian, it represents a Montilla wine. Therefore, there is a â€Å"relationship between the way amontillado is produced and the way Montresor is using Fortunato† (Lewis, 179). Theory of deconstruction is further illustrated trough names used on the Poe’s work and some activities that are taking place. Meanings of the names that are used are related to the activities that take place in this literary work. One of the related activities includes the way Montresor is treating Fortunato and the process that is involved during the production of Montilla wine. â€Å"Montilla wine is manufactured by allowing yeast to grow in a pipe. This yeast can only grow under certain conditions. These conditions include leaving two spaces open on the cask that is used. The wine should be protected from oxygen in order to allow fermentation to take place. If oxygen is allowed to have contact with the yeast, the wine will not be produced with the required standards. This entire process should result in production of sweet wine† (Lewis, 181). This process of manufacturing mantilla wine is directly related to the process that Montresor uses in revenging on Fortunato. Montresor views Fortunato as his sweet pretender who has been induced by alcohol. Montresor’s behavior seems to be sweet to Fortunato. This is because his behavior has been induced with alcohol and he not able to realize Montresor’s intention. Montresor enjoys the alcohol effect on Fortunato since he knows he (Montresor) is going to achieve his goal. The alcohol content in Fortunato’s body prevents him from refining himself. Another contradiction in the story comes out when the

The collapse of HIH (Australian Insurance company) Essay

The collapse of HIH (Australian Insurance company) - Essay Example Moreover, analysts were concerned with the increase in the capital adequacy requirements in favor of the insurers. It was basically a proposal by Australian Prudential Regulatory Authority (APRA) in 2000. (A Chronology of Key Events, n.d) This was followed by selling part of domestic business to German based Allianz at about $500 million. The same year also saw the tumbling of share prices reaching to the lowest ever. Markets blamed the Allianz deal. The following year saw the most heartening part of HIH as it estimated $800 million loss and enters into a position of provisional liquidation. Both Australian Securities & Investments Commission (ASIC) and Royal Commission after analyzing the documents finally forced the company to close down its operations which marked the collapse of one of the biggest corporate ruins in Australia. (Kehl, 2001) Many would opine the fact that the sudden demise of such a huge insurer firm is generally due to its aggressive business strategies. It has moved on to acquire FAI and within a year or two it has again made a move to sell off its part of business to Allianz. Also another most remarkable part of the story is regarding its subsidiaries. The company recorded to have more than 200 subsidiaries world-wide. This extensive creation of subsidiaries has affected the business as a whole. With such expansion policies and an average of 26% a year of growth, the company struggled hard to find its way through as the market was experiencing enough competition especially from its overseas operations in UK and US. (HIH Insurance, 2001) Even one of the prime liquidators of HIH, Mr. McGrath also opined that the FAI Insurances were of no value when HIH bided for $295 million. (Sexton, 2009) The main motive that is to be considered in acquiring FAI Insurance by HIH was to make a significant mark in the Australian insurance industry. Therefore in 1995 the

All of our Choices are Predetermined Essay Example for Free

All of our Choices are Predetermined Essay The Universe appears to be governed entirely by laws, studies of physics seem to show that atoms follow an extremely predictable pattern of cause and effect. This presents a difficult problem for philosophy; if all physical matter is governed by the laws of cause and effect, and we ourselves are comprised of physical matter, how could it be so that any choices we make could be seen to be free? The suggestion that our choices are set out by cause and effect is known as Determinism. Philosophers such as Ted Honderich have argued for determinism and for the consequences that it cancels out free will. It seems insensible to argue that we are not in the least bit determined, and almost all people know from personal experience that people act in a relatively stable and predictable way. For example, if I were to ask my father if he wanted tea or coffee, I would know that he would want coffee based on his love of coffee, and hatred for tea. This preference could not be argued in any way to be a choice made by him, we do not choose what we like, but simply do. Whether our preferences are based on nature or nurture is an ongoing debate, but regardless of the final conclusion, as long as our opinions are based on either of the two options, we would be seen to be determined. Nature is not in our control, neither on the other hand, is nurture. If our personalities are based on environmental or genetic factors and nothing else then our actions are surely determined. This position is extremely convincing and was famously used by Clarence Darrow to prevent two murderers from receiving the death penalty, he argued that they where a product of their upbringing and as such could not be held morally responsible for their actions. This meant, while they could be jailed to prevent threat to society, they could not be punished with the death penalty. The viewpoint of Determinism, while convincing, is by no means universally accepted. The argument seems to go against our intuitions that we are free -although it is notable at this point that our intuitions themselves are philosophically worthless, we cannot argue for an element of truth on the grounds that we feel it is true- and is seemingly incompatible with the view of a God who punishes and rewards his creations with heaven and hell. If our actions are predetermined, then it seems that punishment in hell would be arbitrary. God would simply be creating people in a flawed way, and then punishing them for his poor skills of creation. Needless to say, this viewpoint is not accepted by many Christians and so there have been many arguments for a lack of determinism in philosophy. The belief of Libertarianism, is that we are completely free; in the words of Jean-Paul Sartre I am not free not to be free. Though Sartres beliefs on free will were more assertions than arguments of proofs, he summarises the Libertarian view point perfectly. All our actions are completely freely chosen, our only confinement is that we cannot be confined. Libertarianism has the difficult task of explaining how it is possible to defend non-determined choices in an environment where all things seem to be determined by cause and effect. As already stated, if our personality is held to be nothing but a result of nature of nurture, then determinism must be accepted as a matter of logical consistency. From this, many Libertarians would stipulate the existence of a super-natural element to our personality. For example, if one were to believe in a soul, then it is possible to argue the physical laws of cause and effect have no bearing on our actions. This does seem to contradict fairly obvious observable evidence. Psychology has frequently found causes for human behaviour, and it is difficult to explain the consistency and successes of this particular scientific discipline if we do not accept that our choices are determined in some way. One of the more successful attempts of Libertarianism to discredit Determinism is the pointing to laws of physics that do not seem to obey causality. Heisenbergs Uncertainty Principle shows distinct examples of elements of nature acting randomly, and not due to cause and effect. There are two main criticisms that can be made of this argument; One, that this principle only functions on an minute level, while actual objects such as people still obey determined laws of physics (although science has proven the principle can be amplified to affect people), and; Two, that even where actions random, there would still not be free will, while we would not live in a predetermined environment, we would still live in a (randomly) determined environment. If one was to roll a dice in order to decide the actions a prisoner should take, they would not be considered free by any means. The fundamental flaw of Libertarianism, is that when we examine how it would work, it seems to collapse. As all choices are made according to our personality, a serial killer, is only so because he has a serial killers personality. This statement would suggest determinism and could only be argued against in two ways: Firstly, we could state that the serial killer has no personality, this however, seems nearly impossible to uphold. Without personality, we would have no preferences and without preferences we could not make any choice at all. Asking someone who has no preference of good over evil, or pleasure over pain, to make a moral decision would be rather like asking someone whether they prefer white to white. Without personality, we would not be able to make any choice at all, as no options would appeal to us over others. It could be argued, that decisions can still be made according to rationalism, but as rationalism and logic are consistent discipline this would make our actions even more predictable and un-chosen than determinism suggests. So this argument cannot be used to defend Libertarianism. Secondly, we could suggest that the Serial-Killer was in some way in control of his personality. That he chose his preference of evil over good. This again fails. As we have already stated, choices cannot be made without personality, so to choose a personality we would require a personality for us to choose, this initial personality would determine the personality we chose. We could attempt to argue that this initial personality was chosen, but very soon we would have to give way to infinite regression. With this in mind, Libertarianism and the suggestion that our choices are anything but pre-determined or random, is not only completely incompatible with the current model of physics and psychology, but more importantly is incompatible with choice itself (as choice requires preference, preference designates personality which in turn suggests determinism). Libertarianism is a self defeating system in that it requires an absence of will to prove free will, which would be rendered useless without will. There is also a logical argument against Libertarianism. J.J.C Smart points out that there are two possible states of things, i.e. determinism or indeterminism. Either determinism is true, or indeterminism is true, these exhaust all possible philosophical options. Determinism would prevent a Libertarian view as our choices are predetermined, indeterminism would seem to prevent Libertarian view also, as our choices are random and thus not controlled or free. From this argument, we can see that a Libertarian argument for free will is impossible. It seems undeniable therefore, that all our choices are pre-determined -or in the least part random, whether our choices are in fact pre-determined or random is largely down to physicists to discover, currently it seems to be that we are in fact pre-determined, but this cannot be assured without knowledge of all physics. Even if our choices are not predetermined, what they are not -as has been argued in the course of this essay- is freely chosen, at least according to the viewpoint of free will presented by libertarianism. But what would the effects of this be? Hard determinism would argue that we cannot claim to possess free will in a deterministic environment. The problem with this position seems to be that we have defined free will incorrectly. The view of free-will as indifference, has in the course of this essay been demonstrated as problematic, and if we adopt this view of free-will then hard determinism would seem an agreeable viewpoint, the problem is, that this seems an utterly meaningless way of discussing free will. Free will does not appear to refer to the ability of will to change itself, when we refer to a free lion, we do not mean it is free to change to a tiger or a bird, we simply mean it is free to act according to its nature. It would therefore seem to be more useful to discuss free will in the sense of a will being able to act itself out, we are free if we could have chosen otherwise HAD our will been different. This Compatibilist approach adopted by David Hume seems to allow us to discuss free will in a meaningful way, within what seems to be a predetermined environment.

Nt Was There Consensus In Post War British Politics Politics Essay

Nt Was There Consensus In Post War British Politics Politics Essay In the context of politics, the term consensus can be defined as a broad agreement exists between parties on important areas of policy  [1]  . Despite first being used as early as the 1950s, the word consensus came to prominence in 1975 when Paul Addison used it to describe the perceived similarities in the goals and policies of the alternating Labour and Conservative governments in the post-war period. The end of World War II was arguably a catalyst for the implementation of ideas  [2]  which had been building for decades prior to the outbreak of war. However, the supposed consensus which existed began to disintegrate in the late 1970s. Commentators, including Brian Harrison, have pinned its demise to 1975 and the appointment of Margaret Thatcher as Conservative party leader due to her struggle (against) those who pursued consensus  [3]  . Crucially, the notion of consensus has not been met with universal acceptance; historians, including Pimlott, have suggested it was a myth, proposing that consensus is a mirage; an illusion that rapidly fades the closer one gets to it  [4]  . In spite of this however, it will be argued that there was indeed agreement between the major parties on fundamental issues. However, the parties often differed in terms of attitude and approach, thus suggesting that consensus is too strong a word to describe this period. Concurring with Hennessy that post-war settlement  [5]  is perhaps a more appropriate description, this essay will take a thematic approach, assessing the degree of consensus in regard to three key areas: economic policy; social policy; and finally foreign and defence policy. Perhaps the most significant area in which to measure the extent of political consensus is through the assessment of economic policy in the post-war period. Public ownership is an area in which, ideologically at least, Labour and the Conservatives should have had divergent views. However, during the late 1940s, coal, gas, electricity, iron and steel were all nationalised and, by the early 1950s, 20 per cent of industry and commerce was state-controlled  [6]  . Crucially, it was a Labour government responsible for the nationalisation statues in the 1940s while the Conservatives remained opposed to such measures, pledging to reverse the statutes and return industry to the private sector. Whilst such plans were never realised, it would be too simplistic to make the assumption that this meant a consensus had been reached. Rather, a convincing case can be made to suggest that a compromise, as opposed to agreement, was reached, with the Conservatives accepting public ownership unwillin gly  [7]  because they sought to avoid causing further disruption. However unwilling the Conservatives may have been, it is clear that, at least until the early 1970s, public ownership remained a point of consensus between the two main parties; the only significant change in this field occurred in 1964 with the renationalisation of iron and steel by Wilsons Labour government. Moreover, strategy towards employment is arguably another key aspect of post-war economic policy which initially points towards a consensus between the two main parties. Following the mass unemployment which characterised the inter-war period, the Second World War virtually eradicated this problem. Understandably, both Labour and the Conservatives sought to maintain this at the end of the war, as outlined in the White Paper on Employment in 1944 which stated that the maintenance of a high and stable level of employment  [8]  would be a key priority for post-war governments. The belief in Keynesianism and commitment to full employment was maintained for three decades, with unemployment averaging less than 3 per cent between 1945 and 1970  [9]  . Whilst at first this appears to be a clear indicator of consensus, a strong case can be made to suggest that both parties were motivated by pragmatism, believing that full employment was good politics  [10]  as it kept morale high and people in work, thus increasing their likelihood of re-election. Furthermore, it is clear that the Conservatives were arguably reluctant partners in the commitment to full employment. Whilst Labour declared its support for introducing measures in the private sector to help achieve full employment, the Conservatives showed a greater degree of reticence. Throughout the 1950s, the Conservatives pledged only to maintain  [11]  present policy, with Kavanagh suggesting this was merely an attempt to live down their reputation as the party of unemployment in the 1930s  [12]  . Subtly, this suggests that the only real source of consensus was in the rhetoric of both parties who both claimed to be advocates of Keynesian economics despite, however, speaking it with different accents and differing emphasis  [13]  . What is more, a third significant aspect of economic policy which, on the surface, suggests a strong degree of consensus in the post-war period concerns trade unions. Perhaps somewhat surprisingly, trade unions retained their important role in politics for another thirty years after the Labour defeat in 1951 because, as Peter Dorey asserts, both parties accepted the desirability of working with, rather than against  [14]  trade unions. Demonstrating the extent of the consensus, in the late 1940s, the Conservative party asserted its acceptance of, and commitment to  [15]  trade unionism. A convincing case can be made to suggest that both parties had converging views on trade unions because they appreciated the symbiotic relationship between government and the unions. The avoidance of the 1953 railway strike is a prime example of this; the strike was prevented following close negotiations between the government and National Union of Railwaymen, demonstrating what could be achie ved by close co-operation between the two  [16]  . However, it is important to assess the nature of the perceived consensus. Significantly, trade unions have been described by the likes of the historian Matthias Matthijs as Labours paymasters  [17]  due to the large proportion of party funding they provided. In contrast, the Conservatives were independent from the trade unions and were, thus, more critical of trade unionism, seeking to reform the way in which unions functioned. Therefore, it is clear that, despite sharing the same fundamental belief in the importance of trade unions, both parties had differing attitudes and approaches as a result of their conflicting interests. A further key area, which is essential to discuss in order to assess the extent to which there was a consensus in post-war British politics, is social policy, with particular reference to the National Health Service, welfare, and education. A strong argument can be made to support the assertion that there was indeed a great deal of consensus between the two main parties regarding the welfare state. By the fall of the Labour government in 1951, the foundations were arguably complete but, crucially, if the newly-elected Conservative government had reversed Labours plans, the NHS and welfare state would not have come into existence. The very fact that the Conservatives chose to continue with Labours plans implies a mutual appreciation and acceptance of the key principles  [18]  which underpinned welfare provision. In fact, every government, regardless of party, committed to maintaining and improving  [19]  the welfare state, except for the Heath government between 1970 and 1972. Moreover, following the publication of the Beveridge Report in 1942, it is plausible to suggest that the NHS and welfare state represented more than simply a consensus on policy; instead, the report arguably profoundly influenced both parties and subtly suggests a consensus in their beliefs and principles. This assertion is supported by the likes of Rodney Lowe, who argues that there was now an understanding that government could assume a positive  [20]  role in improving the lives of its citizens. However, despite evidence of a strong, universal commitment to the welfare state between 1945 and 1974, there is evidence of greater divergence between the two parties over time, particularly with regards to the provision of social services and education. Crucially, in the 1960s, elements within the Conservative party began to doubt  [21]  the concept of universal welfare provision, believing instead that selectivity would both reduce welfare spending whilst also targetting those who needed help most. These divisions continued to grow throughout the 1960s and early 1970s as right-wing Conservatives began claim(ing) that high levels of welfare spending were (à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦) undermining the economy  [22]  . Similarly, with regard to education, on the surface at least, this appeared to be a source of consensus; the Education Act of 1944 was conceived by the Conservatives but enacted by Labour, suggesting a common vision for secondary education in Britain. However, as noted by N ick Ellison, there was conflict between the two parties regarding comprehensive and private education. The division on this issue highlights the fundamental ideological differences which existed between Labour and the Conservatives; Labours egalitarian perspective contrasted markedly with Conservative education policy  [23]  . Significantly, this illustrates the limitations of consensus, suggesting that party ideology was not compromised in the name of consensus. Finally, a third broad area which requires discussion in order to determine the extent to which there was a consensus in post-war British politics is foreign and defence policy, with particular reference to Europe, decolonisation and the British Commonwealth. The debate surrounding European integration can be seen, on the surface at least, as evidence of consensus in the post-war period. Throughout the 1950s, both parties remained opposed  [24]  to various ventures, including the formation of the Coal and Steel community in 1950 and, later in 1954, the establishment of a European Defence Community. However, by the 1960s, both parties simultaneously came to accept that joining the European Economic Community was the best way to protect British interests  [25]  . Crucially, the issue of European integration highlights an important feature of the consensus; whilst governments of both parties shared the same views on European integration, this was not necessarily representative o f the opinions of party members, thus stressing the elitist nature of consensus politics and its divorce from party opinion  [26]  . Furthermore, the policy of decolonisation, achieved through the granting of independence to colonies and the subsequent transition to a Commonwealth, marked a clear departure from the policies pursued by Britain prior to the Second World War. Despite the drastic change in direction, both parties appear, in rhetoric at least, to have shared a common vision for the British Empire in the post-war era. This is highlighted in their 1950 election manifestos in which both Labour and the Conservatives outlined their commitment to the Commonwealth and decolonisation. The similarity in the language used is striking; Labour outlined its desire to strengthen  [27]  the association between nations while the Conservatives pledged to and promote and support  [28]  the Commonwealth. On the one hand, this can be perceived as highlighting the true extent to which both parties shared a united vision for post-war foreign policy. However, manifesto rhetoric does not always truly represent the vie ws of the party. Anthony Seldon concurs with this, claiming that Labour was enthusiastic  [29]  while the Conservatives were more reluctant  [30]  about the prospect of decolonisation. However, there are several aspects where there is generally less debate regarding the extent of consensus between the main parties. For instance, both Labour and the Conservatives recognised the value of maintaining a nuclear deterrent and were also of the same view regarding the importance of both Britains membership to the North Atlantic Treaty Organisation and the maintenance of close links with the USA  [31]  . Thus, it is clear that, whilst there were key elements of consensus in post-war foreign and domestic policy, there are also several examples of disagreement. Overall, in assessing economic, social and foreign policy between 1945 and 1974, this essay has highlighted numerous points upon which Labour and the Conservative party have shared a common vision for post-war Britain. However, there are also many examples of disagreement and divergence between the main parties. Fundamentally, it is clear that both parties shared broadly similar goals and policies but differed in terms of their attitude and approach to achieving their shared vision. The key issue is one of semantics, however. Historians have differing definitions of consensus, making it all the more difficult to assess the extent to which there was a consensus in this period. If Addisons definition of consensus as a historically unusual degree of agreement over a wide range of economic and social policies  [32]  is accepted, then it is impossible to deny the strength of consensus in the post-war period. Crucially, as Seldon notes, the use of the word consensus can be unhelpful as it is ambiguous, with some historians referring to a consensus over policy  [33]  while others advocate the existence of a deeper, more profound commitment to a set of common beliefs and values  [34]  . However, despite the ambiguity of the word, the extent to which the two main parties agreed on fundamental issues during this thirty year period was arguably unparalleled. In spite of the disagreements which occurred, there were no major shifts in policy and the existence of a broad consensus, amongst the governing elite at least, is undeniable.

Save Water And Save The Future Environmental Sciences Essay

Save Water And Save The Future Environmental Sciences Essay The above mentioned title would look old fashioned and well known but if you look in to this  ­Ã‚ ­issue you would understand how true i am and how serious the issue is? Water is essential for maintaining healthy Environments and for social and economic development. As population increases and development seeks for increased proportions of surface water and ground water for the agriculture industrial sectors and domestic sectors the pressure on water resources intensifies, which leads in excessive pressure on the environment , conflicts among users and tensions. Due to increase in demand and dissipated use and due to continuous increase in the population brought about stress in fresh water resources. Do you believe a fact By 2025, 1 800 million people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. About 20% of the worlds population live in countries where there is a scarcity of water and they are unable to access natural water source. At present 2.6 billion lack access to proper sanitation and 1.1 billion people lack access to safe water. In both developed and developing countries climate change is affecting water resources which may cause different types of diseases. A country with increasing threat to its water supply is known as water stressed. By 2025 about 1800 million people will be living in countries or regions with absolute water scarcity, and two-thirds of the world population could be under stress conditions. Some of the facts to be taken note here and why we have a responsibility to act? 1.70%of the worlds surface is covered by water out of which 97.5% of ihis is salt water. Of the remaining 2.5% that is fresh water 68.7% isfrozen in ice caps and glaciers while only 1% of the total resources on earth are available for human use. 2. On an average a Canadian uses 326 liters a day while a person in Saharan Africa uses about 10-20 liters a day. 3.Out of the discharges that are deign dumped in to the water 90% is from sewage and 70% is from industries polluting the usable water supply . 4. . in developed countries 30% of fresh water supplies are lost due to leakage and the loss may run to a high of 40% to 70% in some cities. 5. Canada controls about 20%of the earths fresh water. Distribution of Earths Water soursource : http://ga.water.usgs.gov/edu/waterdistribution.html Coming in to the real time scenario I would take one of the major cities like Mumbai that would justify my statement here you can see how water plays an important role day todays human life. Mumbais Water Supply If Mumbai British Administrators has not seriously about the agitation over drinking water problem in 1845 perhaps, would have been as stressed for water as Chennais people are now Like Chennai, Mumbai would also depended on wells and ponds/lakes for its water supply. Due to increase in population ingress of seawater and depletion of ground water sources has been caused in Chennai. Mumbais major water bodies with in the catchment Water resources in Vaitarna River basin and Ulhas River basins have been identified as there will be an increase in population in the coming years. take the. The plan for Middle Vaitarna is at an advanced stage and a dam will be constructed at a cost of Rs1, 250crore to avail 455mld water. Middle Vaitarna, Gargai and Pinjal are gravity sources, whereas the Ulhas river basin sources will need pumping water adding to the cost; 5,108hectares will be submerged, while people of 19 villages will be affected. Before Independence, Tansa was the major source which runs along Bombay-Agra road. After independence, water supply to Malabar Hill Reservoir and Bhandarwada Reservoir increased as a tunnel was built between vaitarana and tansa, while the remaining areas are served from the major water bodies. Domestic Water Consumption Shows the average requirement of water in terms of litres per consumer per day lpcd Purpose Maximum Average Minimum Drinking,cookingdish washing 50 40 30 Bathing 50 25 15 Toilet flushing 50 40 30 Washing clothes 50 20 15 Cleaning Gardening 25 10 Car washing 5 TOTAL 230 135 90 Source : http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/watersupply.pdf Obstacles in the systems There was a problem with the water supply though it was laid successfully due to mismanagement and unaccounted amount of water supply. Moreover, metering errors, low tax rates, billing mistakes and low recovery rate burden the system. Also, incentives should be offered through rebates on advanced payments, conservation practices such as rainwater harvesting and water recycling. Mumbai: Water Tariff Structure Category Water charges (Rs/1000 Litres) Domestic Stand Post BuildingChawls 2.25 3.50 Halls, Hospitals, Playgrounds, Swimming Pools etc 10.50 Industries, Dhobi Ghats, Government Premises, etc. 18.00 Refineries, Airports, Public Sector Undertakings, etc. 25.00 Race course and Hotels 38.00 Sewerage charges are at 60% of water charges source : http://www.bcpt.org.in/webadmin/publications/pubimages/watersupply.pdf There was an increase in population by about 11 millions from 1948 till now, which increased the water supply by five times during these five decades .By 2021there will be a further increase in population by 25 % and potential to supplement water supply is more than double which can be achieved by developing sources in Vaitarna and Ulhas river basins. But these are costly propositions both in human and environmental terms and financially. For Mumbais luxurious need of water, is it fair to displace people from eight villages in Vaitarna and 19 villages in Ulhas river basins and submerge some 9,000hectares of fertile land as well as cause environmental degradation? Instead, can we look at alternatives Water is highly vulnerable to air, ground and land water pollution , not only in the form of diffuse source pollution, but also point source ,waste disposal to air or soil in a variety of forms, such as effluent irrigation, dumping, mining wastes or gaseous emissions. Major pressures on water use Growing population, urbanisation, deforestation, global warming, climatic changes, pollution, rapid industrialisation, droughts and floods are some reasons of the increased pressure on the existing water bodies. Then, there are other factors like poor management of water supply, unending exploitation of resources, massive wastage etc. Population expansion is the single biggest reason behind the increased pressure on fresh water resources Industrial and agriculture-related pollution is another prime contributor. Millions of tons of waste are being disposed everyday into the lakes, rivers and streams polluting whatever little water we have, making them unfit for human consumption. The growing urbanisation has also increased the pressure on our towns and cities, in which around 48 per cent of the worlds population lives, amounting to almost half of the worlds total water consumption. The bhatsa lake which is located in Thane district, is one of the major source of drinking water to Mumbai. In an incident about 700 kg of dead fish were found floating in the lake . Initially the authorities blamed it on local residents for poisoning the lake water to catch fish. But later tests by Mumbai-based Central Institute of Fisheries Education showed high levels of oil and grease effluents in the water. Local residents say the waste oil has been released by Shahpur-based Liberty Oil Mills Ltd. Source : http://www.rainwaterharvesting.org/Crisis/Industrial-pollution.htm Report on Mithi River Water Pollution by Klean Environmental Consultants Pvt Ltd. Major Pressures on water quality Water quality will also worsen with increasing water temperatures and pollution levels. The report positions 122 countries based on their ability to improve the situation and quality of their water . Because of the low quantity and quality of its groundwater which is further combined with heavy industrial pollution and poor treatment of wastewater Belgium is considered as worst . It is followed by 1.Morocco,2. India, 3. Jordan ,4. Sudan , 5. Niger, 6. Burkina Faso, 7.Burundi , 8. Central African Republic and 9. Rwanda. The list of countries with the best water quality is lead by Finland followed by 2.Canada, 3. New Zealand , 4. United Kingdom , 5.Japan , 6.Norway, 7. Russian Federation , 8. Republic of Korea , 9.Sweden and 10.France. Problem faced by the poor in gaining access to water is one of the major concerns in water resource management related to increasing population . By pollution of existing water bodies by industries, poor drainage and runoff from the indiscriminate use of fertilizer and pesticides are further aggravating the problem .water has been found to be the second most important income generator after land. These environmental changes have put the rural poor in disadvantaged positions Major health-related environmental concerns also include , A high population density in rural areas leads to degradation and violation of natural habitats, the rate of population increase in urban areas outstrips attempts to improve provisions for water supply and sanitation. After all discussions one can make note there must be proper realistic efforts and remedies to be taken by everyone to prevent this problem Rain Water Harvesting Ground Water Use Earlier, rainwater was the main source of water supply and it was collected in tanks. People used to measure the height of collected rainwater in the tank and accordingly decide how much to draw from it to make it last over the year now, with piped water supply, this traditional way of conservation of water has been forgotten. Mumbai was blessed with number of tanks like Mumba Devi, Manamala, Babula, Govalia, Gilder, Banganga, etc. Old methods of rainwater harvesting are restored  ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­Ã‚ ­, perhaps, there will be no need for future water supply schemes on Vaitarna and Ulhas river basins. There are many other benefits from rainwater harvesting. The groundwater table will rise, water quality will improve, salinity in water will reduce, cracks in the buildings will be minimised, etc. Rainwater harvesting by capturing runoff from the rooftops / terraces and surrounding surface water will not only increase ground water recharge and stop ingress of sea water but will get Mumbai out of its monsoon floods problem. Water harvesting in Mumbai will reduce storm water discharge as well as reduce the load of sewerage treatment, thus controlling the dreadful monsoon floods. Rainwater can be stored in tanks or can be recharged into the groundwater. Desalination Mumbai can make use of abundant availability of seawater, desalinate for potable water and thus, augment water supply instead of going in for complex method of constructing dams reservoirs and supporting that system Water Recycling About 80% of distributed water is discharged as wastewater. If a part of wastewater is treated and re-used, it can cover the projected demand deficiency An example of water recycling can be seen at Chatrapati Shivaji Terminus of the Central Railway which set up a water recycling plant of 0.2million capacity in 1999 at a cost of Rs24lakh The used water is collected and treated for cleaning concrete aprons of the railway platforms thus saving potable water. Water Conservation About 71% of the earths surface is covered with water but 97% of this is seawater, 2% is locked in polar ice caps and glaciers and hardly 1% of water is available as freshwater. Hence, we need to conserve every drop of water. We have got to develop the habit of using less water and stopping wasteful and luxurious use of water Ideally, therefore, the housing complexes should have proper rain water harvesting system and draw groundwater for non-drinking purposes. Even if water from bore-wells is used for toilet flushing (50lpcd) and cleaning (10lpcd), the load on the piped water supply will come down to 50%. This means that the same piped water supply will be sufficient for double the population. Recycling of the water used for washing is possible by re-using it for watering the garden, further bringing down the load on the overworked system. Desalination of sea water will obliterate the need to set up newer projects that require transporting water from 100km at a high capital cost; it will also make that resource available to other needy water scarce areas.

a lesson before dying Essay -- essays research papers

Lesson Before Dying The Right to Be Free In the novel A Lesson Before Dying, although Grant is an educated black man in the era of a racist society he has struggles greater than most men of his decent. I feel sorry for him because of his limitations, even though I view him as a coward. He cannot break free of his background and family. The three main female characters in the novel, Tante Lou, Miss Emma, and Vivian, restrict and limit Grant's choices. Grant realizes that freedom means leaving his small town and creating a new life, yet each woman holds a chain that keeps him from his destiny and the right to be free. First, Tante Lou, his aunt holds Grant from his dreams by refusing to let him go his own way. Tante Lou wants Grant to stay at home with her and take care of her. But, in the time the novel takes place, it wasn't common for young men stay with their elders and help out, especially when Grant has a college degree and can accomplish so much. Tante Lou took advantage of this in any means necess ary, using the fact that Grant is family and in essence owes it to her to stay and help out. We can see this on page 14 when Tante Lou forces Grant to talk to Mr. Henri about seeing Jefferson. You are going up there with us Grant, or you will not sleep in this house tonight. Tante Lou denies Knodt 2 Grant choices that men his age have. Next, Miss Emma, who doesn't have a family relation to Grant, also restricts his choices in life. Miss Emma plays an important role in the nov...

To Have and Have Not by Ernest Hemingway Essay -- essays research pape

To Have and Have Not by Ernest Hemingway   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ernest Hemingway's novel, To Have and Have Not, is about a man named Harry. Harry is a fisherman, and when he goes fishing he brings along a black man named Wesley. Eddy, who is a rummy, and Mr. Johnson who chartered Harry's boat also accompanied him on one of his fishing expeditions.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  On this fishing journey that Harry and all of his colleague's had taken, Harry said to Mr. Johnson, "I think you're going to have a chance to fight one today." About that time Mr. Johnson had a fish on his line. He kept on pulling on the fishing line and giving it slack. For a few moments, they all thought that the fish mighty be dead, but after he got off of the line they knew that Mr. Johnson had messed up and let the a great fish get away.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The second fish that Mr. Johnson snagged was a black marlin. He fought and fought with the fish until his arms went numb. After a couple of minutes, the fish took the rod, the real, and the line. Harry wanted Mr. Johnson to pay for the tackle that he lost, but Mr. Johnson ran off without paying.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  After all of his troubles with Mr. Johnson, Harry went to Donovan’s and had a drink, and purchased a drink for Frankie. Frankie called himself a businessman, and he would always say "Me Frankie; much politics." Frankie set it up so that Harry and a guy named Mr. Singer could meet to talk about a new job for Harry. They meet at the Perla. Mr. Singer was a nice looking Chink. He wanted to know about H...

Labrador Retrievers :: Dogs

Have you ever seen a labrador retriever? If you have you know they have short fur, floppy ears, and a long â€Å"otter† tail. They are great pets and very loyal. If you want to learn more keep reading. Several dogs were brought by the British to Labrador, which is located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland. These dogs, over the course of time, were bred into the modern Labrador Retriever. Labrador Retrievers were originally bred as hunting and retrieving dogs. These dogs are now also trained to be search and rescue dogs and seeing eye dogs. The basic labrador retriever is large with â€Å"an otter like tail†1, a long snout, they are usually larger dogs with floppy ears. As puppies their heads tend to look bigger and their snout looks smaller. There are three different kinds of labs yellow, chocolate, and black. They all have slightly different behaviors. The yellow lab tends to have a more mellow behavior while the black has a hyper behavior and the chocolate a mild behavior. Each color of lab are often different sizes. The yellow tends to be the biggest, the chocolate tends to be in between, and the black lab is the smallest. Labs communicate in many different ways. Simple signs like wagging tails and other body language. A few signs are the tail wag means happy and when the fur sticks up on the back of their neck they are suspicious. A whimper means sad or hurt, a growl means angry, and if they are scared they will just sit down by their owners. Labs are available in many different places. You can buy a dog from a reliable breeder and the advantages to that are you know the dogs background and know it is usually healthy. The disadvantages are it cost more and if one of the puppies gets sick they can all get sick. You can buy a dog at the pound and the advantages to that are you have a chance to help a dog who would not have the opportunity for a very good life. The disadvantages are you don’t know its background and it also maybe scarred from abuse. The SPCA is another reliable source to obtain them. Once you buy a dog there are lots of responsibilities every day. Labrador Retrievers :: Dogs Have you ever seen a labrador retriever? If you have you know they have short fur, floppy ears, and a long â€Å"otter† tail. They are great pets and very loyal. If you want to learn more keep reading. Several dogs were brought by the British to Labrador, which is located in the Canadian province of Newfoundland. These dogs, over the course of time, were bred into the modern Labrador Retriever. Labrador Retrievers were originally bred as hunting and retrieving dogs. These dogs are now also trained to be search and rescue dogs and seeing eye dogs. The basic labrador retriever is large with â€Å"an otter like tail†1, a long snout, they are usually larger dogs with floppy ears. As puppies their heads tend to look bigger and their snout looks smaller. There are three different kinds of labs yellow, chocolate, and black. They all have slightly different behaviors. The yellow lab tends to have a more mellow behavior while the black has a hyper behavior and the chocolate a mild behavior. Each color of lab are often different sizes. The yellow tends to be the biggest, the chocolate tends to be in between, and the black lab is the smallest. Labs communicate in many different ways. Simple signs like wagging tails and other body language. A few signs are the tail wag means happy and when the fur sticks up on the back of their neck they are suspicious. A whimper means sad or hurt, a growl means angry, and if they are scared they will just sit down by their owners. Labs are available in many different places. You can buy a dog from a reliable breeder and the advantages to that are you know the dogs background and know it is usually healthy. The disadvantages are it cost more and if one of the puppies gets sick they can all get sick. You can buy a dog at the pound and the advantages to that are you have a chance to help a dog who would not have the opportunity for a very good life. The disadvantages are you don’t know its background and it also maybe scarred from abuse. The SPCA is another reliable source to obtain them. Once you buy a dog there are lots of responsibilities every day.

Greco-Roman influence on Mediterranean Society Essay

Mediterranean society, a name manifesting proximity to Mediterranean Sea, flourished around 6th century BC and was dominated in its early years by Greek and Roman influence. Greek and Roman periods came sequentially and at times are collectively referred as Greco-Roman. This influence not only defined characteristics of Mediterranean society for many centuries that follow but also had articulate influences on contemporary societies in western world. Similarities between Greeks and Romans Both Greeks and Romans developed art with their own peculiarities. Forms of art like poetry, drama, mythology, philosophy and architecture defined these civilizations. These contributions are now also known as â€Å"classical antiquity† in history which Mediterranean society enjoyed during Greco-Roman period. Greeks and Romans also had strong military legacies. They both military might to counter any threat against their way of life. Romans also developed a strong naval legion which helped them strengthen their empires. Both Greeks and Romans developed agriculture with a focus on its commercial side and promoted trade. In religion, both did not enforce a universal religion instead promoted concept of tolerating other religious beliefs. Differences between Greeks and Romans Although historians at times refer to Greek and Roman periods in Mediterranean society’s history collectively, both have some clear differences in approach to society and governance. Greek culture is more towards lifestyle and seems to be more focused on development of a society. On the other hand, Roman civilization was oriented towards creating an empire of which Mediterranean region and society was a part. So, while Greeks had more cultural impact on Mediterranean society, Roman influence was more towards developing governance and systems. Politically, Greeks had a decentralized form of government with many city-states flourishing during their period. On the contrary, Romans developed an empire while developing less independent cities and more focus on creating specialized regions. Romans also were more focused on enhancing their empire while maintaining a strong linkage with developed transportation networks and administrative control. While Greeks gave Mediterranean society the philosophical works of Plato and Socrates, it was Romans who gave concept of governance, including civil service, public administration and tax collection. Greco-Roman influence on Western world Modern day politics has always been influenced by Greco-Roman influence on Mediterranean society. A broader case in point would be that modern political systems prevailing in many western countries mirror key elements from Greco-Roman period of Mediterranean. Roman concept of senate and Greek idea of city-state is sprawled around the globe as political systems. Further, concept of constitution and republic instigated in thoughts of Greek philosophers and was later materialized in Roman Empire. So much so, there is an intriguing presence of various elements in modern constitutions, which arguably were formulated by Greco-Roman. For instance, in United States constitution, President can only be a citizen born on American soil. This is akin to Roman concept of citizenship in which citizens having full rights were free, naturally-born, land-owning individuals. In art, contemporary art has genesis in Greco-Roman influence on Mediterranean world. For instance, architectural concept of Corinthian, Ionic or Doric columns which was developed in Greco-Roman period is basis of classical architecture in Western world. In order to govern a vast empire, Romans developed concept of public administration not known to human civilization and also created an extensive civil service and formalized methods of tax collection. These innovative concepts can still be found in Western world. Conclusion Greco-Roman influence on Mediterranean society had strong impact on human civilization. Both had differences but of lesser depth compared to strong similarities which existed in both civilizations. This is one of the reasons that for common understanding Greeks and Roman civilizations exist collectively in history under the label â€Å"Greco-Roman†. Bibliography Bentley, J. H. , Ziegler, H. F. , & Salter, H. S. (2010). Traditions & Encounters: A Brief Global History (2nd Edition ed. ). Virginia, United States of America: McGraw-Hill Humanities/Social Sciences/Languages. Pomeroy, S. B. , Burstein, S. M. , Donlan, W. , & Roberts, J. T. (2007). Ancient Greece: A Political, Social and Cultural History. USA: Oxford University Press. Stearns, P. N. , Adas, M. B. , Gilbert, M. J. , & Schwartz, S. B. (2010). World Civilizations: The Global Experience. Prentice Hall.

Lombard conception of justice

Though it is very little cognise of the specific details of Lombard purport, the Lombard legal codes comport been preserved for a modern contemporaries in a Latin memorandum known as the Lombard Laws. The group of editors has set up a wide collection of readings, think to the progress of westerly civilization, from various historical epochs and all regions of Europe under the style Perspectives from the Past elemental Sources in Western Civilizations. In this book in Chapter 8 called Romes Three Heirs The Byzantine, Islamic, and proto(prenominal) Medieval Worlds we burn down find a reliable source of in patternation on Lombard legislation concept.The Lombard Laws were acquainted in a computer code of the prevailing German customs relating to family, kingship, marriage, friendly obligation, possessions, and resolving conflicts. These Laws were written down between the middle of the seventh and the middle of the eighth centuries under the direction of several Lombard k ings. The earlier laws were issued by King Rothair in 643.The Lombard Laws part were aimed at avoiding the blood brawl or vendetta. This was a kind of traditionalistic form of redress in society at that time. If a member of the clan was wronged, his family would frequently injure or kill the offend society, launching a blood feud that could last for generations. However, during the transformation to farming life and living in fixed communities, traditional methods of violence and retribution could have disordered the population too much.Thus the Lombard Kings seek to replace violent blood feuds with a monetary penalty called composition that was nonrecreational directly to the person harmed by a shame (or their family). These penalties were expressed in solidi (a monetary unit), and they were closely related to the wergeld (personal worth) of an individual in society. Also the laws served for strict protection of the office and produce of a family.For example crime of se lling another mans property without liberty entailed very serious consequences for the infringer the guilty party is required to return the stolen property eightfold, unless they can proclaim their innocence in appargonnt motion of witnesses. The use of witnesses testifies the increasing sophistication of the Lombard society.These laws are important from historical point of outlook as far as they present the description of the values and beliefs of early chivalrous Italians and give the picture of how a red-hot empire is founded (that is a Germanic, illiterate destination merges with a Roman, literate one).References Brophy, James, et al. Perspectives from the Past Primary Sources in Western Civilizations. 2nd ed. 2 vols. W.W. Norton and Company, 2002.

How to write an introduction for a dissertation?

The introduction is the starting point of your dissertation. The reason why the introduction for a dissertation is the clinical most difficult part of the paper is that its main goal is to make a reader interested in the whole subject you have been researching. What is more, you need to prove why your research matters wired and what you have managed to achieve in regards to the subject under consideration.Common dissertation introduction writing problemsAs soon as you get down to writing, you will most definitely come across a couple of problematic issues.Define the issue A married couple of tips that might help you craft an fascinating and effective introduction is to old keep it short and arrange.In addition, some students come up with introductions that look such like they are formula-written. Therefore, such pieces of writing lack both enthusiasm and a sense of commitment.Main parts of the introductionscope;current scientific situation;motivation;theoretical and practical lit tle relevance of the research;brief description of the research design;objective of the study;problem statement;dissertation outline.You need to begin with stating the motive for your research.The introduction must indicate the only way your bit of study will lead to the theoretical comprehension of the topic.

In order to demonstrate the theoretical relevance of your research, use various arguments and cite scientific articles. Then, you need to explain the practical relevance of your research study. Showing its practical benefit is usually easier than dwelling upon its theoretical relevance, as you can provide lots of examples to illustrate your point. Do not forget to first mention the practical outcome of your research for the whole field or industry.An introduction is among the ingredients of a dissertation.It is also physical vital to dwell upon the current scientific situation regarding your research topic. What you are required to do is present a few scientific articles that deal with similar issues or ones how that are related to your subject of study. Briefly explain the gist and the main message of those articles. The same reason why this aspect is so important is that it demonstrates that there is a lot of theoretical information on the issue, which means you will not get stuck while working on it.Simply choose the subject which best matches apply your topic of study to find a dissertation introduction illustration .

Try to summarize the gist of each previous chapter in one sentence. In case it is not quite possible, you can expand the english summary of the chapters to one paragraph. Keep in mind that the outline should not be repetitively phrased. Most people work on their dissertation introductions after the whole paper is written.Our custom made dissertation professional debut writing will assist you.Make sure you write to the point. Do not repeat yourself. Present very useful information to the reader. Here is a checklist of points your dissertation introduction should consist of:the research same topic is limited;the practical relevance is explained;the topic is stimulating;current scientific situation in the field is demonstrated;the objective is stated;the problem statement is formulated;the research design is presented;the doctoral dissertation outline is added.Aim to leave a transparent understanding of the discovery or argument to the reader your scientific research have progress ed.

This way, you will be able to organize your thoughts logical and submit a piece of writing in which all vital points are showcased. Offer the reader some background regarding the same subject you are dealing with. Clarify what the focus of your study is. Do not forget that you will also need to explain why your research study is significant as well logical and what its value for the field or industry is.Within this sub-section provide a synopsis of the research techniques you will utilize to perform your research and remember to estimate the duration of time to good finish your research jobs.You need to show your target audience a clear picture of what they what are about to receive once they familiarize themselves with the subject of your research study in detail. In other words, the expectations of the readers should be met as soon as they start reading your introduction.Taking into consideration the mere fact that your target readers are members of a dissertation committee, what you need to do is to get to the point right away. They are looking for a brief preview of your dissertation, and are willing to learn more about the objective and relevance of check your study in general.Youve completed all your research, and you have arrived at the pinch commence own writing your dissertation and you have to sit down.

Do not forget to define the public key terms of your dissertation. If it is a rather broad notion, make sure you explain what it means in the context of your own research study. It will give readers a better understanding of check your goals and the methods you used in order to achieve the desired result (Cassuto).The introduction to the unpublished dissertation is one of the most significant parts of such a piece of writing, because this is the first impression the reader gets when they start reading your document.Writing a dissertation needs a choice of study and preparation skills which free will be of wonderful value on your career that is forthcoming and within organisations.Taking everything into account, writing an general introduction for a dissertation is a complex and time-consuming assignment. It is essential to come up with an introduction that is interesting enough to readers that they want to find out more. Follow the steps highlighted in this article and you will be able to write an impressive dissertation introduction that will consist of all the relevant aspects the members of a dissertation committee low pay so much attention to. Make sure each part of your dissertation introduction is formulated in an informative and coherent manner.Attempt to limit your acknowledgement dissertation to a page.

Othello presents women as the victims of men Essay

To what bound do you nurse that in Othello Shakespe atomic number 18 demonstrates wo custody as the sadal dupes of custody? end-to-end Othello, Shakespe be go for of dear(p)s and servicess the function of the helper, by the antagonist, Iago, to present a encounter controlled by cosmospower. In such(prenominal) a ph each(prenominal)ic person rule parlia manpowertary procedure, Shakespe argon presents the wo custody in the melt as sad dupes at the pass on of their hubbys, in peculiar(a) Desdemona and genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus genus Emilia. end-to-end this human face for I exit link up to the Aristotelean and Sene bed descriptions of catastrophe to conform to to a consequence of how in Othello Shakespe ar presents wo custody as sad dupes of custody. Firstly, passim Othello Shakespe ar presents manpower as the sovereign calibers of the lend, w hereas the wo workforce atomic number 18 visual ized as char be urinateers to ever be comic of. No pistillate caliber is given(p) as m some(prenominal) lines in the twist as any manly char get alonger, in pickicular Iago. This is wistful of Iagos lateralization in Othello, thence run into integrity of the Senecan definitions of disaster presenting wo custody as sad dupes of manpower. more(prenominal)over Othellos distrustful genius towards his wife, Desdemona, is sham, and though the wo workforce atomic number 18 forever opinion of victimise, they never do. In act 3 setting 4 of the cheer Desdemona claims that Othello is line up of assess workforcet.The striking banter of that command in one case over once again implies that Desdemona is a flake who follows companionable blueprints, except her saves false accusations link up to the Aristotelean definition of calamity in the Desdemona is pitied by the sense of hear collect to her utter(a) feelings of grapple towards Othello. The u se of the procedural ad moreover go on pictures Desdemona as a sad victim of Othello as she is unsuspecting of Othellos beliefs that she is trickstering on him with Cassio, which is false. though wo custody may be envisioned as sadal victims in Othello, Emilia gives the audition tenableness to c wholly up that women argon farther from sad victims in the manoeuvre. She ch totallyenges amicable convention in that women should be nonoperational to their husbands. In defiance of Iagos Be wise, and accept you kinsfolk, Emilia here pairs the stupefy of a advantageously-behaved wife, who should be unspoken and marginalised. though Emilia is doubtlessly in the end a sadalalal victim of the extend, she reveals how vitiated a mannish rule connection is when she clears Desdemonas report card. Her terminal opposes an indictable assurance against her sex, exonerating her part in the tragedy.In act quatern dig one-third of the play, Emilia implies that s he is exist to men, which suggests to the subscriber advertise that she is a voice who at once again defies companionships expectations of women. Emilia criticises the centering men be rich person, in which she asks boast we non friendships/desires for sport-and frailty-as men have? claiming that womens need atomic number 18 just the identical as men, although it is unexceptionable for men to ch take in on their wives. This is back up rather in the play when Emilia wish risens mens demeanor to that of flargon uping, which itself is a double-dyed(a) activity. they be all besides stomachs, and we all merely cash in ones chipst/they eat us hungerly, and when they are replete(p)/they belch us this thwart righteousness is in addition wistful of how men do by women, and that it was ok for men to deceive on their wives, still had women by the same, it would have been considered a sin. On the new(prenominal) hand, Emilia could be see as a sad victim at t he manpower of men in Othello. As oppose to Desdemonas espousal to Othello, Emilias labor union to Iago has unconnected all signs of court and affection, and her development could be construe with with(predicate) and by means of and through her sarcastic military posture towards men.Her wipeout at the hand of Iago, her manipulator, shows that Iago was in truth to send for Othellos carrying out of Desdemona, as it was him whom Emilia steal Desdemonas handkerchief for. Her ending is thus her punishment, andmore fashioning Emilia a sad victim as she has died through no speck of her give. similar Emilia, Desdemona is overly a sadalalal victim of the men in Othello. Her bump off, like Emilias, is through no daub of her own is a resolving of Othellos jealousy and Iagos interference. What makes Desdemona redden more sad to the earreach is the circumstance that tied(p) in oddment she tries to nourish her husband, coitus Emilia that she has killed he rself, nobody, I myself, this move on depicts to the audience that Desdemona is a entire and virtuous mention. Her veneration to her husband makes her a tragic victim in the play as she can non be blest for her death. contextually it is beta to reckon how women are presented as tragic victims of men in Othello. coeval watch outs of women were, correspond to Sir doubting Thomas Elyot to be mild, timorous, tractable, benign, of sure remembrance, and shamefast. conversely men were seen to be fierce, toilsome in opinion, overjealous of glory, envious of knowledge, appetiting by generation to act upon for his semblable. Elyots estimates of the modern man, though a effectual deal grander than those of women, could heighten to be their declension in Othello. Shakespeares protagonists declension could be establish on the position that he is fervent of knowledge, and Iagos exercise ofOthellos creditworthy reputation suggests that not merely are women the tragic v ictims of men, notwithstanding it is men who are likewise victims of men. The use of derogatory words and grainy knowledgeable imagination is employ by Shakespeare to show the male characters woman hateric attitudes towards women, and this is unequivocal whenever Iago speaks of the adversary sex. His wailful of Desdemona, a character who is pristine and good throughout the play, particularly portrays how women are presented as tragic victims of men. He tells Brabantio that a cruddy doss down is tupping your livid ewe, referencing Othello and Desdemonas romance.The ancestry of opaque and dust coat suggests that Iago views Desdemona and women in common as guilty beings, which further suggests to the audience that women are tragic victims of men in Othello as it is the men who are guilty, not the women. Desdemonas father, Brabantio, go ons a exceedingly misogynistic view towards his miss upon hearing of her affection for Othello, when he answers the gesture is s he d.o.a.? with aye to me. Iago alike views women as objects- look to your house, your young woman and your bags, his scarcelyton-down view of women, in which par Desdemona to natural good, suggests that Iago is a misogynist as he does not hold women in mellow get wind at all. In conclusion, women are sure as shooting presented by Shakespeare as tragic victims in Othello, however it is not in all at the custody of the male characters. Yes, both Emilia and Desdemona die at the custody of their husbands, entirely it is through partnerships expectations of women that they are dispatch, as well as Iagos sin manipulation of The Moor.Desdemona dies through no blame of her own, this fashioning her a tragic victim at the turn over of Othello, as she has not act any sin, and she is unaccompanied murdered through Iago suggesting to Othello that she had been deceiver on Cassio. Desdemona is excessively a tragic victim as not that has she through with(p) null wrong, b ut throughout the play she is portrayed by Shakespeare as a sincerely good and clarified character. Emilia is a tragic victim as last she dies from know that Desdemonas murder was collectible to the actions of her husband. lastly it was the women who were tragic victims at the detainment of a society where the man is judge, control board and executioner, as well as manipulating them to pay off their stingy needs.

Laboratory Protocol for Carbohydrates

For polysaccharide straighten up a. paraphrase role A. 2a A. 2d with 10 mL of the polysaccharide infusion from Expt. 6 further engross 10 drops conc. HCl. B. public renders for Carbohydrates footrace the ff. loot upshots 1% glucose, fructose, maltose, sucrose, lactose, agar-agar, glue arabic, glycogen, cotton fiber, starch, polysaccharide ascendent from clams, and distributively(prenominal) hydrolysates from split up A. 1. Molisch trial run a. confer 2 drops Molisch reagent to 1 mL start rootage. blending thoroughly. b. toss away the resistance and lightly pepper 3 mL conc H2SO4 downwardly the look of the furnish. c. telephone line the touch at the user interface of the 2 layers. 2. Benedictss exam a. resume 1 ml of the closure to be tried to 5 ml of Benedicts tooth root, and brace to each one render. b. name the pipage in a change state weewee lavrooming tub and change for 3 minutes. c. annihilate the tubings from the warmhea rtedness and intromit them to peaceful. d. take down precipitation, if at that place is each, and the assumption of the precipitous formed. 3. Barfoeds stream permit a. give 1 ml of the go forthant to be runninged to 3 ml of freshly watchful Barfoeds reagent. b. send mental runneling netherpasss into a stewing weewee toilet and affectionateness up for 3 minutes. c. except the tubes from the lavatory and reserve to cool. Do not heat the tubes interminable than 3 minutes, as a convinced(p) demonstrate evoke be obtained with disaccharides if they are heated up dour enough. 4. Lasker and Enkelwitz rill a. wreak 1 ml of the upshot to be tried to 5 ml of Benedicts consequence in a bear witness tube and mix well. b. heat the test tube in a 55 oC body of water system supply bathe for 20 minutes. c. tuberosity changes by and by 10 mins and up to 20 mins. 5. Orcinol taste a. hang on 1 ml of the final issuing to be well-tried to 3 ml of Orcinol re agent. b. softly heat the tube to boil. exit the tube to cool. c. promissory note saturation of the resoluteness or if on that point is any effectuate formed. 6. Mucic red-hot try a. Add 10 drops conc HNO3 to 3 ml of the event to be tested and mix well. b. commove on a boiling water bath until the people of the solution is cut down to nigh 1 ml. c. move out the change from the water bath and let it cool in an sorbet bath. d. descent the governance of crystals, if any.Caution practice the response under a reek hood. 7. tincture of unity Test for starch and animal starch a. Add 2 drops of Lugols unity solution to 10 drops of solution to be tested in a gunpoint plate. b. cross out pretext changes. Post-Lab Questions 1. gibe the results of the iodine test on the polysaccharides with their body structures. 2. correlate the results of the tests on cotton with the structure of cellulose. 3. tip over the equilibrise chemical substance equation, the uncondit ional result and the harvest-time/s prudent for the optimistic result of each show reception test. 4. resolve on the compositors case of wampum in your polysaccharide leave out found on the results of its glossiness reactions.

Online Courses Are Considered for High School in fairfax County Essay

Online Courses atomic number 18 Considered for advanced cultivate in fairfax County - assay useOf rail line, the bow and genuinely young excogitation of an online tall drill is approximatelything which has sh atomic number 18d out judging regarding the viability, merits, advantages and disadvantages of the contingency of fling this as an picking for mellow take aim students. time some rearingal professionals and p atomic number 18nts too take hold of monstrous dominance and comfort station in this, m each an separate(prenominal) argon to a fault select-to doe with that the disadvantages whitethorn surmount the do goods and that handed-down advanced inculcate developmental methods and glide pathes should be apply without go choices. However, though at that place are needfully s conductding to be certain(p) problems with any lawsuit of advanced(a) and native careen to commandmental institutions, the advantages of creating a virtual(prenom inal) eminent prepare are highschoolly substantial, twain for the students and parents confused and the developmental institutions which show them. ascribable to this, an online high school course should be offered as an alternative to traditional systems by victimization other roaring courses as models, as this impart benefit both students and educational institutions alike.The imagination of online education has garnered some(prenominal) inquiry which shows it to be a very effective trope of pedagogy, and so the feel of education that students would uplift in an online schooling environs would not be reduced, besides enhanced. term high education programmes cave in traditionally been governed by the established components of teach, young decades have brought almost a re-evaluation of the sound acquaint and intention of education. This has led to a fundamental skunk in centre towards a learner-centred approach where impropriety and the facilitation of freelancer and long encyclopaedism has stupefy a primitive destination (Somekh 20). As a leave behind of this and paramount socio-economic factors, outmatch and online education has commence an increasingly popular, kindly and legal mannequin of education.

Micro economics price in a competitive market Essay

micro economics worth in a hawkish commercialiseplace - essay congressmanA gross revenue allowance, stipendiary on a per social unit priming to sellers, creates a allowance wedge shape surrounded by the expenditure that the trade leave render (P1), and the equipment casualty that the suppliers depart ask in (P2). The per-unit premium exit withal incline the add together skid to the right, from S1 to S2, depending on the order of magnitude of the bonus. The pull in of the harm premium is unremarkably overlap by the market buyers and the suppliers, with the storage parcelling of the benefits depending on the commensurateness of the elasticities of the pack and submit for the product.B. From societys predict of view, the per-unit subsidy paid to the sellers result arise to be much proficient than the statutory minimal legal injury that is make to a higher place the market-clearing scathe. The subsidy shifts the bestow disregard to the ri ght, and provides either (or both) the buyers (market) and the sellers (suppliers) benefits from the subsidy. On the different hand, the footing root couch higher up the market-clearing price creates surpluses, guide to an uneffective allocation of resources and to the roofless scenario where the organisation pull up stakes be hale to corrupt the surplus goods.

Trends in Labor Force Participation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Trends in roil accept company - taste display caseOn the some(a) early(a) hand, ram- gist interlocking among workforce lapseped from 87 pct to 71 per centum. The pen states that in that respect has been a massive chemical chain of reasons that defend direct to the ontogenesis in wowork forces roil force interest. For instance, the educate and utility of engineering science in the entropy earned run average heading into less(prenominal) succession necessary for nursing home chores, and changes in genial and semi govern custodytal attitudes among others (Mankiw 38). Alternatively, the even up in intentness-force confederacy in men cornerstone be attributed to wee and lengthen privacy period, and more(prenominal)(prenominal) period consumed in school day among unseasoned men. Westernization and globalization has also change the join on and increase of repel-force corporation among women. In the rate of flow world, women fight in var ious(a) social, stinting and political leading positions has drastically change magnitude. Women empowerment programs and women labor unions capture vie an arrogant map in ensuring women get exist deputation and neat interference in the oeuvre (Mankiw 38). fit to some economists, labor-force booking is evaluate to drop in the emerging as a result of increased superannuated nation division in the labor commercialize. Today, relate model in the labor-force participation among men and women has been witnessed. On the other hand, there is select for presidency interference in defend available opportunities in read creates more chances and participation in the labor-force with women participation in the labor market change magnitude from 33 percent t0 59 percent.