Friday, December 27, 2019

Philosophy Study Guide - 1406 Words

Philosophys Sub-Disciplines Introduction Which argument for the existence of God is strongest? Why? This is the specific issue that this paper will address. While there are many millions of people in the world who believe in the existence of God or Allah, Brahman, Jehovah, among other names there are also millions who do not believe in the existence of God. This dispute is an ancient one; and as Deepak Chopra points out, since we cannot see God and because He is †¦nowhere and everywhere at the same time and because he †¦transcends nature†¦ [and] leaves no fingerprints in the material world, it is easy for non-believers to challenge Christians as to Gods existence (Chopra, 2000, p. 41). Christians on the other hand point to the creation of the Universe and to the natural world on Earth as evidence of a Creators work. The Atheist Philosophy There is no God Bertrand Russell is one among the list of well-known philosophers, writers and intellectuals that deny the existence of God. In Russells book, Why I Am Not A Christian: And Other Essays on Religion and Related Subjects, he points out that Christians seem to believe that God created actually designed a world so that humans and animals would be comfortable in it. And if the world was ever so little different, Russell explains, emulating the view of some Christians, we could not manage to live in it (Russell, 1967, pp. 9-10). But in light of Darwins discoveries, Russell believes that It is not that theirShow MoreRelatedPhilosophy 101 Study Guide Essay3857 Words   |  16 Pagesï » ¿STUDY GUIDE FIRST EXAM PHI 101 When: Thursday, the 26th Day of September, 2013, 3:00pm – 4:15pm Where: The same location our class normally meets What to bring: Your ASU Student ID, for when you hand in your exam An Exam book (blue book or green book) available at the bookstore A Scan-tron form (bubble-in forms) available at the bookstore TWO number 2 pencils for filling in the scantron form A blue or black ink pen (optional – pencil ok), for your exam book. I will not haveRead MoreTuck Everlasting1373 Words   |  6 PagesMaterials Needed 1) Novel 2) Vocabulary journals 3) Writing journals 4) Paper 5) Pencil 6) Study guide questions 7) Dictionaries Day one: Monday-Prologue-chapter 5 *Start the lesson with asking the students to write a pro and con list about living forever? Would they want to live forever why or why not? * Have students fill out the anticipatory guide activity *give students the list of vocabulary words from prologue to chapter 5 *Before the students look up theRead MoreThe Philosophy Of Zhu Xi Essay1381 Words   |  6 PagesThe philosophy of Zhu Xi China is a country with long history, which at the same time comes with a complex philosophy system. Date back to the Warring States period, the rising of Confucianism, Daoism, Legalism, and some other schools captured the attention of the society. These schools created their different and special philosophies, which in some way guided the trend of the society development. With several hundreds years of inherited and people applied their own thoughts to the original philosophyRead MoreMy Philosophy of Education824 Words   |  4 Pages13 February 2011 My Philosophy of Education I believe that progressivism educational philosophy most closely matches my educational ideals. In my opinion based on the progressivism educational philosophy, the purpose of education is to enable students to learn useful knowledge that has meaning to them in the future. Thus, the most useful education for students is the skill of â€Å"learning how to learn†. When students understand the methodsRead MorePlato and Platipus1186 Words   |  5 PagesIt is normal to underestimate the power of philosophy. It is a social science that has lost influence in the 21st Century because many do not understand how this science can help humans achieve true happiness. Though philosophy is a heavy subject, it is the science with the most results regarding human nature and knowledge. Philosophy offers guidance to understand human behavior as well as to question our presence and our real role in society. It is one of the leading social sciences because manyRead MoreJohn Rawls Justice is Fairness1525 Words   |  7 Pagestaken from the Internet Encyclopedia of Philosophy. Some quick facts about John Rawls are: Rawls was born February 21, 1921 and died November 24, 2002. Rawls was an American philosopher and a leading figure in moral and political philosophy. John is most known for his book titled: A Theory of Justice published in 1971, the book is now known as one of the primary texts in political philosophy. Rawls received both the Schock Prize for Logic and Philosophy and the National Humanities Medal in 1999Read MoreProgressivism Philosophy Of Education : Progressivism1566 Words   |  7 PagesProgressivism Philosophy of Education The philosophy of progressivism in the classroom is one that is student centered. Being developed in the nineteenth century, the progressivism philosophy is considered one of the more modern philosophies of teaching. Founded by George Sanders Pierce, William James and John Dewey, this philosophy believes in hands on, action oriented learning to achieve results (Sadovnik, Cookson, Semel, 2013). This philosophy believes that education transpires through questionsRead MoreJean Watson s Theory Of Human Caring1361 Words   |  6 Pagesmodel often used to guide and direct nursing care as well as to improve nursing practice through a better understanding of the role and function of the professional nurse. It is an important theory to the nursing world because it brings meaning and focus to nursing as an emerging discipline and distinct health profession that has its own unique values, knowledge, and practices. It is important to our group because we read an article on infertile women in Turkey and the case studies were based on theRead MoreThe Relevance Of Nyerere s Philosophy Of Education Essay1556 Words   |  7 PagesResearch Question 2 What are views on the relevance of Nyerere’s philosophy of education based on education for self-reliance and education for liberation towards academically oriented university education? Table 2 presents the distribution of responses on a likert scale on the perceived relevance of Nyerere’s philosophy of education based on education for self-reliance and education for liberation. The codes 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 corresponded to Strongly Disagree (SD), Disagree (D), Neutral (N), AgreeRead MorePersonal Leadership And Philosophy Style1574 Words   |  7 PagesPersonal Leadership and Philosophy Style Four years ago I wrote my first â€Å"Personal Philosophy of Leadership† paper. The personal leadership style I identified with, at that time, was the democratic style. I had chosen this style of leadership because of the teamwork, constructive criticism, motivation, good communication, dedication, and good attitude attributes of the democratic style. Four years later, being present time, I have learned and experienced a great deal more about leadership styles

Thursday, December 19, 2019

Binge Drinking in the College Culture Identifying Causes,...

Binge drinking has been synonymous with typical young adult college culture for decades. Fillmore and Jude (2011) reported that binge drinking is often defined as someone drinking four to five drinks during one episode of drinking, or consuming enough alcohol for a person to have a blood alcohol concentration of .08% or higher. In this paper, I will define college culture as an exclusive group, with differing needs and attitudes from society, provide statistics and college cultural practices that demonstrate the prevalence of binge drinking amongst college students, explain several problems that can arise as a result of binge drinking, and explore harm reduction and motivational interviewing as viable treatment modalities used to decrease the likeliness of this cultural phenomenon. College students represent a unique culture that have a multitude of needs that differ from other populations. College for many individuals is an opportunity to express their individualism and experience personal freedom. For many, this is the first time they are away from a structured home life and they are now able to make their own decisions. Now autonomous, they are free from punishment and reprimand from their parents because they are away from home and their actions are hidden by distance. This is an exciting time for the student as they are confronted with many new scenarios. Students are faced with finding new groups to be a part of and discovering ones’ identity becomes a newShow MoreRelatedMindfulness Practice On Substance Abuse Recovery3566 Words   |  15 PagesChicago State University # of words College of Pharmacy 9501 S King Dr. Chicago, IL 60628 (773) 995- 2000 Mindfulness Practice in Substance Abuse Recovery By: Nicole Latimore Nidhi Patel Lauren Pestka Yaritza Lopez Abstract: Objective ---Mindfulness is known as the ability to maintain a continuous awareness of environment, feelings, sensations, and thoughts. This practice focuses on the acceptance of what is happening around and within ourselves by being conscious of our feelingsRead MoreCollege Student Gambling: Examining the Effects of Gaming Education Within a College Curriculum15937 Words   |  64 PagesCOLLEGE STUDENT GAMBLING: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF GAMING EDUCATION WITHIN A COLLEGE CURRICULUM A Thesis Presented by MARYANN CONRAD Submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Massachusetts Amherst in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF SCIENCE September 2008 Department of Hospitality and Tourism Management  © Copyright by Maryann Conrad 2008 All Rights Reserved COLLEGE STUDENT GAMBLING: EXAMINING THE EFFECTS OF GAMING EDUCATION WITHIN A COLLEGERead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14194 Words   |  57 Pagesfrom their parents to find their own identities and in some cases that break create a loss of childhood reality, or the protective nature of childhood. Adolescence is also called a period of â€Å"Challenges and Potential†. An adolescent has enormous physical, ideational and intellectual potential. Simultaneously, he is faced with great challenges on account of his rapid physical growth, soaring as well as falling ideals, and his search for identity as he is neither a child nor an adult, his growing sexualRead MoreDefinition of Adolescent Development14200 Words   |  57 Pagesfrom their parents to find their own identities and in some cases that break create a loss of childhood reality, or the protective nature of childhood. Adolescence is also called a period of â€Å"Challenges and Potential†. An adolescent has enormous physical, ideational and intellectual potential. Simultaneously, he is faced with great challenges on account of his rapid physical growth, soaring as well as falling ideals, and his search for identity as he is neither a child nor an adult, his growing sexualRead MoreDeveloping Management Skills404131 Words   |  1617 PagesCommunist Prison Camp 84 Computerized Exam 85 Decision Dilemmas 86 SKILL PRACTICE 89 Exercises for Improving Self-Awareness Through Self-Disclosure 89 Through the Looking Glass 89 Diagnosing Managerial Characteristics 90 An Exercise for Identifying Aspects of Personal Culture: A Learning Plan and Autobiography 92 SKILL APPLICATION 95 Activities for Developing Self-Awareness 95 Suggested Assignments 95 Application Plan and Evaluation 95 SCORING KEYS AND COMPARISON DATA 97 Self-Awareness Assessment 97 ScoringRead MoreMarketing Mistakes and Successes175322 Wor ds   |  702 PagesH. Furuhashi, Notre Dame; W. Jack Duncan, University of AlabamaBirmingham; Mike Farley, Del Mar College; Joseph W. Leonard, Miami University (OH); Abbas Nadim, University of New Haven; William O’Donnell, University of Phoenix; Howard Smith, University of New Mexico; James Wolter, University of Michigan, Flint; Vernon R. Stauble, California State Polytechnic University; Donna Giertz, Parkland College; Don Hantula, St. Joseph’s University; Milton Alexander, Auburn University; James F. Cashman,Read MoreExploring Corporate Strategy - Case164366 Words   |  658 Pages22/10/2007 11:54 Page 600 600 Guide to the main focus of cases in the book Introduction to strategy Business environment: general Five forces analysis Capability analysis Corporate governance Stakeholder expectations Social responsibility Culture Competitive strategy Strategic options: directions Corporate-level strategy International strategy Innovation and Entrepreneurship Strategic options: methods Strategy evaluation Strategic management process Organising Resourcing Managing change Strategic

Wednesday, December 11, 2019

Enron and the Free Market System free essay sample

The Enron scandal was a financial scandal that was revealed in late 2001. After a series of revelations involving irregular accounting procedures bordering on fraud, perpetrated throughout the 1990s, involving Enron and its accounting firm Arthur Andersen, it stood at the verge of undergoing the largest bankruptcy in history by mid-November 2001. A free market describes a theoretical, idealised, or actual market where the price of an item is arranged by the mutual non-coerced consent of sellers and buyers, with the supply and demand of that item not being regulated by a government. While a free market necessitates that government does not regulate supply, demand, and prices, it also requires the traders themselves do not coerce or mislead each other, so that all trades are morally voluntary. In other words, a free market economy is an economic system in which individuals, rather than government, make the majority of decisions regarding economic activities and transactions. We will write a custom essay sample on Enron and the Free Market System or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page In social philosophy, a free market economy is a system for allocating goods within a society: purchasing power mediated by supply and demand within the market determines who gets what and what is produced, rather than the state. The free market system is based on risk. It is impossible to maintain free markets without risk, so we must accept and manage it. The alternative—eliminating risk from the system—is a â€Å"planned† economy. Managing risk depends on transparent, honest systems for transmitting information. Enron was a Houston-based natural gas and energy company. It delivered commodities and financial and risk management services worldwide. In late 1999, the company launched EnronOnline, trading everything from weather derivatives to coal. Enrons CEO Mr. Lay was quoted in 2000 as saying Were an energy and broadband company that also does a lot of other stuff. Actually, the management efficiency is impaired by the spectrum of its business. Enron invested $1. 1 b in broadband business over two years but made no money. At the time, it was the biggest bankruptcy in U. S. history, and it cost 4,000 employees their jobs. California lawmakers accused Enron of power trading back and forth with its affiliates in the state, taking advantage of the energy crisis at its height. In the process, Enron was able to drive up the wholesale price of electricity in a vain effort to forestall its inevitable collapse. They were essentially trading among themselves. The trades created the illusion of an active, volatile market, Lynch said. In reality, they were sham transactions. The accusations made towards the top management of Enron covers a broad range of financial crimes, including bank fraud, making false statements to banks and auditors, securities fraud, wire fraud, money laundering, conspiracy and insider trading.   Kenneth Lay and Jeffrey Skilling, the former chairman and CEO respectively, can be said to be just sharp traders, businessmen who did what the free market demands of rational players: take advantage of every loophole they could find to make a profit. Despite the conviction of a couple of bad apples at Enron, its top management is not the real culprit in this case. The real culprit is a bad idea: deregulation of the natural gas and electric power industries. Thomas J. Donohue CEO of U. S. Chamber of Commerce says that it appears if the Justice Department lost sight of the obvious suspects—the individuals responsible for wrongdoing—and instead have wrongly indicted the most innocent of bystanders—our free market system

Tuesday, December 3, 2019

The U.S. A Legitimate Democracy Essay Example For Students

The U.S. A Legitimate Democracy? Essay The U.S. a Legitimate Democracy?In any system which claims to be democratic, a question of itslegitimacy remains. A truly democratic political system has certaincharacteristics which prove its legitimacy with their existence. Oneessential characteristic of a legitimate democracy is that it allowspeople to freely make choices without government intervention. Anothernecessary characteristic which legitimates government is that every vote must count equally: one vote for every person. For this equality to occur, all people must be subject to the same laws, have equal civil rights, and be allowed to freely express their ideas. We will write a custom essay on The U.S. A Legitimate Democracy? specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now Minority rights are also crucial in a legitimate democracy. No matter how unpopular their views, all people should enjoy the freedoms of speech, press and assembly. Public policy should be made publicly, not secretly, and regularly scheduled elections should be held. Since legitimacy may be defined as the feeling or opinion the people have that government is based upon morally defensible principles and that they should therefore obey it, then there must necessarily be a connection between what the people want and what the government is doing if legitimacy is to occur. The U.S. government may be considered legitimate in some aspects, and illegitimate in others. Because voting is class-biased, it may not be classified as a completely legitimate process. Although in theory the American system calls for one vote per person, the low rate of turnout results in the upper and middle classes ultimately choosing candidates for the entire nation. Class is determined by income and education, and differing levels of these two factors can help explain why class bias occurs. For example, because educated people tend to understand politics more, they are more likely to vote. People with high income and education also have more resources, and poor people tend to have low political efficacy (feelings of low self-worth). Turnout, therefore, is low and, since the early 1960s, has been declining overall. The winner-take-all system in elections may be criticized for being undemocratic because the proportion of people agreeing with a particular candidate on a certain issue may not be adequately represented under this system. For example, a candidate who gets 40 percent of the vote, as long as he gets more votes than any other candidate, can be electedeven though sixty percent of the voters voted against him(Lind, 314). Political parties in America are weak due to the anti-party,anti-organization, and anti-politics cultural prejudices of theClassical Liberals. Because in the U.S. there is no national discipline to force citizens into identifying with a political party, partisan identification tends to be an informal psychological commitment to a party. This informality allows people to be apathetic if they wish, willingly giving up their input into the political process. Though this apathy is the result of greater freedom in America than in other countries, it ultimately decreases citizens incentive to express their opinions about issues, therefore making democracy less legitimate. Private interests distort public policy making because, when making decisions, politicians must take account of campaign contributors. An interest may be defined as any involvement in anything that affects the economic, social, or emotional well-being of a person. When interests become organized into groups, then politicians may become biased due to their influences. Special interests buy favors from congressmen and presidents through political action committees (PACs), devices by which groups like corporations, professional associations, trade unions, investment banking groupscan pool their money and give upto $10,000 per election to each House and Senate candidate(Lind, 157). Consequently, those people who do not become organized into interest groups are likely to be underrepresented financially. This leads to further inequality and, therefore, greater illegitimacy in the democratic system. The method in which we elect the President is fairly legitimate. .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb , .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .postImageUrl , .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb , .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:hover , .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:visited , .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:active { border:0!important; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:active , .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u27021ec2c55c34541f50ae8076c64bdb:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Advertisement Essay The electoral college consists of representatives who we elect, who then elect the President. Because this fills the requirement of regularly scheduled elections, it is a legitimate process. The President is extremely powerful in foreign policy making; so powerful that scholars now speak of the Imperial Presidency, implying that the President runs foreign policy as an emperor. The President is the chief diplomat, negotiator of treaties, and commander-in-chief of the armed forces. There has been a steady growth of the Presidents power since World War II. This abundance of foreign Presidential power may cause one to believe that our democratic system is not legitimate. However, Presidential power in domestic affairs is limited. Therefore, though the President is very powerful in certain areas, the term Imperial Presidency is not applicable in all areas. The election process of Congress is legitimate because Senators and Representatives are elected directly by the people. Power in Congress is usually determined by the seniority system. In the majority party (the party which controls Congress), the person who has served the longest has the most power. The problem with the seniority system is that power is not based on elections or on who is most qualified to be in a position of authority. Congress is also paradoxical because, while it is good at serving particular individual interests, it is bad at serving the general interest (due to its fragmented structure of committees and sub-committees). The manner in which Supreme Court Justices are elected is notdemocratic because they are appointed by the President for lifelongterms, rather than in regularly scheduled elections. There is anon-political myth that the only thing that Judges do is apply rulesneutrally. In actuality, they interpret laws and the Constitution using their power of judicial review, the power explicitly given to them in Marbury v. Madison. Though it has been termed the imperial judiciary by some, the courts are the weakest branch of government because they depend upon the compliance of the other branches for enforcement of the laws. The bureaucracy is not democratic for many reasons. The key features of a bureaucracy are that they are large, specialized, run by official and fixed rules, relatively free from outside control, run on a hierarchy, and they must keep written records of everything they do. Bureaucracies focus on rules, but their members are unhappy when therules are exposed to the public. Bureaucracies violate the requirementof a legitimate democracy that public policy must be made publicly, not secretly. To be hired in a bureaucracy, a person must take a civilservice exam. People working in bureaucracies may also only be firedunder extreme circumstances. This usually leads to the PeterPrinciple; that people who are competent at their jobs are promoteduntil they are in jobs in which they are no longer competent.Policy making may be considered democratic to an extent. The publictends to get its way about 60% of the time. Because one of the keylegitimating factors of government is a connection between what it does and what the public wants, policy making can be considered 60%legitimate. Furthermore, most of what the federal government does never reaches the public. Public opinion polls represent the small percentage of issues that people have heard about. Though the individual workings of the American government may not be particularly democratic, it must be somewhat legitimate overall because without legitimacy, government fails. However, the people who run for and win public office are not necessarily the most intelligent, best informed, wealthiest, or most successful business or professional people. At all levels of the political system,it is the most politically ambitious people who are willing to sacrifice time, family and private life, and energy and effort for the power and celebrity that comes with public office(Dye, 58-59). The legitimacy of the United States government is limited, but in a system of government which was designed not to work, complete democracy is most likely impossible.BibliographyDye, Thomas R. Whos Running America? The Clinton Years. .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db , .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .postImageUrl , .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db , .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:hover , .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:visited , .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:active { border:0!important; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:active , .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ub82abf158c82bb583a1ae7213bb3f6db:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Oliver Twist, A Poor, Innocent Orphan Boy, Stands Out In This Story As Essay EnglewoodCliffs, New Jersey: Prentice Hall, 1995.Lind, Michael. The Next American Nation: The New Nationalism and theFourth American Revolution. New York: The Free Press, 1995.

Wednesday, November 27, 2019

Zinn Chapter 11 Essays - Industrial Workers Of The World

Zinn Chapter 11 Chapter 11 talks about how the railroad corporations took over for profit and made low income jobs. New machines were starting to be invented, no longer needing humans to do the work. This made a lot of people jobless and did not leave many jobs for people to do. Since the railroad corporations led to low wage jobs, it made the workers very upset. They had families to feed and necessities they needed to buy in order to support their families and what they were getting paid was not enough. So three thousand workers got together for strikes and the Knights of Labor was formed , wanting more pay. Even women joined to protest the wages and hours they were being given because they did not think it was fair . Pinkerton guards boarded their barges. When a Pinkerton man shoved a striker aside, he fired and wounded the detective, leading to gunfire from both sides. Strike leaders were charged with murder and the rest with other crimes. Texas and Pacific Railroad fired a leader of the Knights of Labor, leading to a strike which spread throughout the Southwest. Even though these strikes caused a lot of damage, they did end up working and making a change because the government and corporations granted them more favorable conditions. Life for immigrants was very difficult. Those who came to the Unites States to work ended up in worse conditions working for Railroad corporations then they were already in. Plus, many people disliked the immigrants and would riot against them . Farmers were again attacked through the Homestead Act, losing so much. In 1870, John D. Rockefeller set up the Standard Oil Company. He made secret agreements with railroads to ship his oil if they gave him discounts on their prices. Which was a good strategy for him because it led other oil competitors out of business. America was used as a company with millionaires running it with their riches. Whatever it was that the poor would do to try to improve didn't work at all. It was as if the rich would get richer and the poor got poorer. Famers that thought they were going to get rich would end up losing their lands and homes because they were left in debt, they couldn't afford to pay back the loans they took out to monopolize their products .

Sunday, November 24, 2019

Mirror By Silvia Plath Essays - American People Of German Descent

Mirror By Silvia Plath Essays - American People Of German Descent Mirror By Silvia Plath By just reading the profound poem Mirror by Silvia Plath I am currently in a moment of weakness. As clich as it might sound, it is utterly true. It is one of those pieces that will pull you in deep, but wont release until it is good and ready. It is that telling. It speaks the truth. By truly appreciating what Sylvia has presented, I will try to interpret every line. She first describes the mirror, it doesnt stereotype, and whatever approaches is neutral. The image quickly appears without a hint of second-guessing, the mirror does not dismiss or like the image, again it stays neutral. It doesnt exacerbate the object just sees and spews it back the way it is. These last details given by Plath are extremely brilliant. There is a vision of a woman bending over, trying to adjust her imperfections, somehow making them less visible. Making the mirror seem like an evil, Plath suggests it is like a mere candle or moon, where there is mystery present, and no sign of truth is to be told. Again there is another simple image, an image easily shown truthfully, and the simplicity of a back of a woman. The poem says faithfully prompting the speaking of the truth, leading to absolute disappointment. Soon there are tears developed, She rewards me hardly. Sure the tears speak of rewarding based solely on honestly and truthfulness. Not based on content with the image. The most important line of this piece is I am important to her. She comes and goes. This is beautifully put. This is extremely profound yet so easy to relate to. There is a necessity of having a mirror. It speaks the harsh reality of society. It shows what to correct, what to dismiss. I truly embrace the last two lines of this poem. Even though the mirror is the utter enemy, the woman comes back repeatedly. This shows how much it is needed. Years go by staring at this object looking for answers. Apparently, the woman didnt take the honesty gracefully; she thus aged to a terrible fish. This was an extremely philosophical and weighty piece. I find myself relating to every line one way or another. Most people do. It was tragic, but brutally honest.

Thursday, November 21, 2019

The Golden Proportion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The Golden Proportion - Essay Example Most commonly, golden triangles and golden rectangles are used. A shape qualifies as â€Å"golden† when the ratio of longest side to shortest side equals 1.61803399†¦ Regular pentagons and pentagrams are also closely associated with the Golden Ratio. When a regular pentagon is constructed and the interior angles are connected with straight lines, the result is a series of triangles, each one of them golden, that form the image of a pentagram. This symbol, a pentagram transcribed by a regular pentagon became significant to the Pythagoreans. This group of people, led by the Greek mathematician Pythagoras played an important role in the early history of the Golden Ratio. Throughout history, the Golden Ratio has been known by many different names. It has been called the golden section, golden mean, symbolized by the Greek letter phi (ÃŽ ¦), the divine proportion, and the mean of Phidias. Some of these names solidly link the origins of the Golden Ratio with the ancient Greeks. In ancient Greece, many famous mathematicians and artists are associated with the use and development of our current understanding of the Golden Ratio. These groundbreaking individuals were interested in the Golden Ratio for different reasons. Some were intrigued simply by the unique mathematical properties of this peculiar ratio, while others sought to utilize the aesthetic strengths of the ratio when developing their art and architecture. A notable mathematician and mystic that had great influence on the discovery and utilization of the Golden Ratio was Pythagoras. The personal history of Pythagoras is colorful and full of legends. None of his actual writings have survived, so it is impossible to tell which mathematical concepts he personally discovered. Pythagoras is most famous for the discovery of the Pythagorean Theorem. Pythagoras (or one of his followers) discovered that the square of the

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

Inter Office Memoramdum Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Inter Office Memoramdum - Essay Example In response to your query about the type and effectiveness of an economic policy as a large part of campaign, here I am presenting the following details that will give you an insight about the pros and cons associated with each policy and the basic complementary things associated with each courses of action. In order to have a control over finance, there are two courses of action namely Fiscal Policy and Monetary Policy. These are basically two separate, yet equally important strategies by which we can enact and control our finances and can stabilize economics fluctuation (Iwamoto, 2005, p.3). This came into play mainly after the Great Depression of the 1930’s when it was necessary to regulate how and what was happening financially, how money was being taken in and then later spent, how budgets were enacted, how banks could conduct business, and so forth. Following paragraphs give detail about both Monetary Policy and Fiscal Policy. The process by which the government, central bank, or monetary authority manages the supply of money or trading in foreign exchange markets is referred as Monetary Policy. Monetary Policy is based on the relationship between the rates of interest in an economy, that is the price at which money can be borrowed and the total supply of money. It employs a variety of tools like monetary base, reserve requirements, discount window landing and interest rates to control the price at which money can be borrowed or the total supply of money hence influences the outcomes of economy like economic growth, inflation, exchange rates with other currencies and unemployment.

Sunday, November 17, 2019

Providing care with limited reimbursment Coursework

Providing care with limited reimbursment - Coursework Example All the patients who come here require serious services that can not be provided by everyone, but by a few dedicated and committed nurses. So, upon a successful completion of my training, I will need to evaluate the performance of each nurse. The one who displays a high degree of professionalism will be considered for employment (Masters, 2000). As an experienced professional, I strongly believe in the quality of education being offered at the nursing training colleges. So, anyone who graduates with a degree must be a hard working professional. They have got all the theoretical knowledge and practical skills that is necessary for them in the field. Therefore, if given an opportunity to nurture their talents, they can come out as exceptional professionals. It is for this reason that I do take my precious time to provide them with the necessary mentorship on exactly what to do when on duty. I prefer fresh graduates because they are still new in the field. Despite having little experience, the truth is that these are highly motivated professionals with lots of ambitions and expectations. Having just taken the oath, they are still committed to strictly complying with the ethical codes of conduct for the nurses (McHale & Gallagher, 2003). Therefore, there will be no doubt that the new graduates will be serving the patients with the expected degree of benevolence, sincerity and confidentiality. So, these are qualities that I have to consider while making a choice of my nurse. Apart from being thoroughly trained at the university, I should ensure that vigorously mentor these nurses. Focusing on issues like practical skills, theoretical knowledge and the general application of nursing ethical codes of conduct are paramount (McHale & Gallagher, 2003). Once I gauge and ensure that they are upheld, I will not hesitate to engage that particular graduate. He deserves to be a

Friday, November 15, 2019

Analysis of Student Geometric Thinking and Age Differences

Analysis of Student Geometric Thinking and Age Differences Students Geometric Thinking 8 CHAPTER 1 Introduction In the last 20 years, the perception of learning as internalization of knowledge is criticized and problemized in mathematics education society (Lave Wenger, 1991; Sfard, 2000; Forman Ansell, 2001). Lave and Wenger (1991) describe learning as a process of â€Å"increasing participation in communities of practices† (p.49). Sfard (2000) also emphasized the new understanding of learning as â€Å"Today, rather than speaking about â€Å"acquisition of knowledge,† many people prefer to view learning as becoming a participant in a certain discourse† (p.160). This new perspective in the understanding of learning brings different views to mathematics teaching practice. While the structure of mathematics lessons is organized in the sequence of Initiation- Response-Evaluation (IRE) in the traditional mathematics classrooms, with the reform movement, participation of the students become the centre of the mathematics classrooms (O Connor, 1993; Steele, 2001). Initiating topic or problems, starting or enhancing discussions, providing explanations are the role of the teacher in the traditional classrooms but these roles become a part of students responsibilities in the reform mathematics classrooms (Forman, 1996). Turkey also tries to organize their mathematics curriculum according to these reform movements. With the new elementary mathematics curriculum, in addition to developing mathematical concepts, the goal of mathematics education is defined as enhancing students problem solving, communication and reasoning abilities. Doing mathematics is no more defined only as remembering basic mathematical facts and rules and following procedures, it also described as solving problems, discussing the ideas and solution strategies, explaining and defending own views, and relating mathematical concepts with other mathematical concepts and disciplines (MEB, 2006). Parallel to new understanding of learning, reform movements in mathematics education, and new Turkish elementary mathematics curriculum, students roles such as developing alternative solution strategies and sharing and discussing these strategies gain great importance in mathematics education. Mathematics teachers are advised to create classroom discourse in which students will be encouraged to use different approaches for solving problems and to justify their thinking. This means that some researches and new mathematics curriculum give so much importance to encourage students to develop alternative problem solving strategies and share them with others. (MEB, 2006; Carpenter, Fennema, Franke, Levi Empson, 1999; Reid, 1995). One of the aims of the new mathematics curriculum is that the students stated their mathematical thinking and their implications during the mathematical problem solving process (MEB, 2006). According to new curriculum, the students should have opportunity to solve the problems using different strategies and to explain their thinking related to problem solving to their friends and teacher. Moreover, the students should state their own mathematical thinking and implications during the problem solving process and they should develop problem solving strategies in mathematics classrooms (MEB, 2006). Fraivillig, Murphy and Fuson (1999) reported that creating this kind of classrooms requires that teacher has knowledge about students mathematical thinking. One of the most important studies related to childrens mathematical thinking is Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI). The aim of this study is to help the teachers organize and expand their understanding of childrens thinking and to explore how to use this knowledge to make instructional decisions such as choice of problems, questions to ask children to acquire their understanding. The study was conducted from kindergarten through 3rd grade students. At the beginning of the study, researchers tried to explore students problem solving strategies related to content domains addition, subtraction, multiplication and division. The findings from this investigation is that students solve the problems by using direct modeling strategies, counting strategies derived facts strategy and invented algorithms. In order to share their findings with teachers, they conducted workshops. With these workshops, the teachers realized that the students are able to solve the problems using a variety of stra tegies. After this realization, they started to listen to their students mathematical explanations, tried to elicit those strategies by asking questions, tried to understand childrens thinking and encouraged the use of multiple strategies to solve the problems in their classrooms (Franke, Kazemi, 2001, Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, 1992). At the end of the study, the students whose teachers encourage them to solve the questions with different strategies and spend more time for discussing these solutions showed higher performance (Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, Levi, Jacobs, Empson, 1996). Similar finding is also observed the study of Hiebert and Wearne (1993). They concluded that when the students solve few problems, spend more time for each problem and explain their alternative solution strategies, they get higher performance. As indicated the new curriculum in Turkey (MEB,2006), the teacher should create a classroom in which students develop different problem solving strategies, share these with their classmates and their teacher and set a high value on different problem solving strategies during the problem solving process. Encouraging the students to solve the problems is important since while they are solving the problems, they have a chance to overview their own understanding and they take notice of their lack of understandings or misunderstandings (Chi Bassock, 1989, as cited in Webb, Nemer Ing, 2006). Moreover, Forman and Ansell (2001) stated that if the students develop their own problem solving strategies, their self confidence will be increase and they ca n build their mathematical informal knowledge. Not only mathematical thinking, but also geometrical thinking has very crucial role for developing mathematical thinking since National Council of Teachers of Mathematics in USA (2000) stated that â€Å"geometry offers an aspect of mathematical thinking that is different from, but connected to, the world of numbers† (p.97). While students are engaging in shapes, structures and transformations, they understand geometry and also mathematics since these concepts also help them improve their number skills. There are some studies which dealt with childrens thinking but a few of them examine childrens geometrical thinking especially two dimensional and three dimensional geometry. One of the most important studies related to geometrical thinking is van Hiele Theory. The theory categorizes childrens geometrical thinking in a hierarchical structure and there are five hierarchical levels (van Hiele, 1986). According to these levels, initially students recognize the shapes as a whole (Level 0), then they discover the properties of figures and recognize the relationship between the figures and their properties (level 1 and 2). Lastly the students differentiate axioms, definitions and theorems and they prove the theorems (level 3 and 4) (Fuys, Geddes, Tischler, 1988). Besides, there are some other studies which examined geometrical thinking in different point of view. For example, the study of Ng (1998) is related to students understanding in area and volume at grade 4 and 5. But, Battista and Clements (1996) and Ben-Chaim (1985) investigated students geometric thinking by describing students solution strategies and errors in 3-D cube arrays at grades 3, 4 and 5. On the other hand, Chang (1992) carried out a study to understand spatial and geometric reasoning abilities of college students. Besides of these studies, Seà §il (2000), Olkun (2001), Olkun, Toluk (2004), Ãâ€"zbellek (2003) and Okur (2006) have been conducted studies in Turkey. Generally, the studies are about students geometric problem solving strategies (Seà §il, 2000), the reason of failure in geometry and ways of solution (Okur, 2006), the misconceptions and missing understandings of the students related to the subject angles at grade 6 and 7 (Ãâ€"zbellek, 2003). In addition to t hese, studies has been done to investigate the difficulties of students related to calculating the volume of solids which are formed by the unit cubes (Olkun, 2001), number and geometry concepts and the effects of using materials on students geometric thinking (Olkun Toluk, 2004). When the studies are examined which has been done in Turkey, the number of studies related to spatial ability is limited. Spatial ability is described as â€Å"the ability to perceive the essential relationships among the elements of a given visual situation and the ability to mentally manipulate one or two elements and is logically related to learning geometry† (as cited in Moses, 1977, p.18). Some researchers claimed that it has an important role for mathematics education since spatial skills contribute an important way to the learning of mathematics (Fennema Sherman, 1978; Smith, 1964) and Anderson (2000) claimed that mathematical thinking or mathematical ability is strongly related with spatial ability. On the other hand, Moses (1977) and Battista (1990) found that geometric problem solving and achievement are positively correlated with spatial ability. So, developing students spatial ability will have benefit to improve students geometrical and also mathematical thinking and it may foster students interest in mathematics. Problem Statement Since spatial ability and geometric thinking are basis of mathematics achievement, then one of the problems for researchers may be to investigate students geometric thinking (NCTM, 2000; Anderson, 2000; Fennema Sherman, 1978; Smith, 1964). For this reason, generally this study will focus on students geometrical thinking. Particularly, it deals with how students think in three-dimensional and two-dimensional geometry, their solution strategies in order to solve three-dimensional and two-dimensional geometry problems, the difficulties which they confront with while they are solving them and the misconceptions related to geometry. Also, whether or not the students use their mathematics knowledge or daily life experiences while solving geometry questions are the main questions for this study. Purpose Statement The purpose of this study is to assess and describe students geometric thinking. Particularly, its purpose is to explain how the students approach to three-dimensional geometry, how they solve the questions related to three-dimensional geometry, what kind of solution strategies they develop, and what kind of difficulties they are confronted with when they are solving three-dimensional geometry problems. Also, the other purpose is to analyze how students associate their mathematics knowledge and daily life experience with geometry. The study attempt to answer the following questions: How do 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th grade elementary students solve the questions related to three-dimensional geometry problems? What kind of solution strategies do 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th elementary students develop in order to solve three-dimensional geometry problems? What kind of difficulties do 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th elementary students face with while they are solving three-dimensional geometry problems? How do 4th, 5th, 6th, 7th and 8th elementary students associate their mathematics knowledge and daily life experience with geometry problems? Rationale Most of the countries have changed their educational program in order to make learning be more meaningful (NCTM, 2000; MEB, 2006). The development of Turkish curriculum from 2003 to up till now can be assessed the part of the international educational reform. Particularly, the aim of the changes in elementary mathematics education is to make the students give meaning to learning by concretizing in their mind and to make the learning be more meaningful (MEB, 2006). In order to make learning more meaningful, knowing how the students think is critically important. For this reason, this study will investigate students mathematical thinking especially geometrical thinking since geometry provides opportunity to encourage students mathematical thinking (NCTM,2006). The result of the international exams such as Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA) and national exams Secondary School Entrance Exam â€Å"Ortaà ¶Ãƒâ€žÃ… ¸retim KurumlarÄ ± Ãâ€"ÄÅ ¸renci Seà §me SÄ ±navÄ ± (OKS)† show that the success of Turkish students in mathematics and especially in geometry is too low. Ministry of National Education in Turkey stated that although international average is 487 at TIMSS-1999, Turkish students mathematics average is 429. Moreover, they are 31st country among 38 countries. When the sub topics are analyzed, geometry has least average (EARGED, 2003). The similar result can be seen the Programme for International Student Assessment (PISA). According to result of PISA-2003, Turkish students are 28th county among 40 countries and Turkish students mathematics average is 423 but the international average is 489. When geometry average is co nsidered, it is not different from the result of TIMSS-1999 since international geometry average is 486 but the average of Turkey is 417 ((EARGED, 2005). As it can be realized from result of both TIMSS-1999 and PISA-2003, Turkish students average is significantly lower than the international average. Since in order to get higher mathematical performance, being aware of childrens mathematical thinking has crucial role (Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, Levi, Jacobs, Empson, 1996). For this reason, knowing students geometric thinking, their solution strategies and their difficulties related to geometry problems will help to explore some of the reasons of Turkish students low geometry performance in international assessment, Trends in International Mathematics and Science Study (TIMSS) and Program for International Student Assessment (PISA), and in national assessment, Secondary School Entrance Exam â€Å"Ortaà ¶Ãƒâ€žÃ… ¸retim KurumlarÄ ± Ãâ€"ÄÅ ¸renci Seà §me SÄ ±navÄ ± (OKS).† As a result, when geometry and being aware of students problems solving strategies and their difficulties when they are solving geometry problems has important roles on mathematics achievement are taken into consideration, studies related to geometry and students geometric thinking are needed. Besides, Turkish students performance in international assessments is considered; it is not difficult to realize that there should be more studies related to geometry. For these reasons, the study will assist in Turkish education literature. Significance of the Study Teachers knowledge about childrens mathematical thinking effect their instructional method. They teach the subjects in the way of childrens thinking and they encourage students to think over the problems and to develop solution strategies. With such instructional method, classes are more successful (Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, 1992). Geometry is one of the sub topic of mathematics (MEB,2006) and it has crucial role in representing and solving problems in other sub topics of mathematics. Besides, geometry has important contribution to develop childrens mathematical thinking. On the other hand, in order to understand geometry, spatial ability is useful tool (NCTM, 2000). Battista et al.(1998), Fennema and Tartre (1985) and Moses (1977) emphasized that there is a relationship between spatial ability and achievement in geometry. Moreover, mathematical thinking and mathematical ability is positively correlated with spatial thinking (Anderson 2000). Since geometry, spatial ability and mathematical thinking are positively correlated, being successful in geometry will get higher mathematics achievement. To increase geometry achievement, the teachers should know students geometric thinking. Particularly, how students solve problems, what kind of strategies they develop, and what kind of difficulties they face with while t hey are solving the problems are important concepts in order to get idea about students thinking (Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, 1992). With this study, the teachers will be informed how children think while they are solving geometry problems especially three-dimensional geometry problems, what kind of strategies they develop to solve them, what kind of difficulties they face with related to geometry problems. Furthermore, university instructors will benefit from this study to have knowledge about childrens geometric thinking and this knowledge may be valuable for them. Since they may inform pre-service teachers about childrens thinking and the importance of knowing childrens thinking while making instructional decisions. As a result, knowing students geometric thinking will benefit to increase their geometry achievement and also mathematical achievement, and consequently, this will help to raise the Turkish students success of the international exams CHAPTER 2 Literature Review Geometry can be considered as the part of mathematics and it provides opportunities to encourage students mathematical thinking. Also, geometry offers students an aspect of mathematical thinking since when students engage in geometry, they become familiar with shape, location and transformation, and they also understand other mathematics topics (NCTM, 2000). Therefore, understanding of students geometrical thinking, their geometry problem solving strategies and their difficulties in geometry become the base for their mathematical thinking. Also, since geometry is â€Å"a science of space as well as logical structure†, to understand students geometrical thinking requires knowledge of spatial ability and cognitive ability (NCTM, 1989, p.48). This chapter deals with some of the literature in four areas related to the problem of this study. The first section of this chapter is related to the van Hiele theory since van Hiele theory explains the level of childrens geometrical thinking (van Hiele, 1986). The second section of this chapter deals with the research studies related to students mathematical and geometrical thinking. The third section is devoted to research studies related to spatial ability. And the last section of this chapter reviews the research related to relationship between spatial ability and mathematics achievement. Section 1: The van Hiele Theory The van Hiele theory is related to childrens thinking especially their geometrical thinking since the theory categorizes childrens geometrical thinking in a hierarchical structure (van Hiele, 1986). According to theory of Pierre and Diana van Hiele, students learn the geometry subjects through levels of thought and they stated that the van Hiele Theory provided instructional direction to the learning and teaching of geometry. The van Hiele model has five hierarchical sequences. Van Hiele stated that each level has its own language because in each level, the connection of the terms, definitions, logic and symbol are different. The first level is visual level (level 0) (van Hiele, 1986). In this level, children recognize the figures according to their appearance. They might distinguish one figure to another but they do not consider the geometric properties of the figures. For instance, they do not consider the rectangle as a type of a parallelogram. The second level is descriptive leve l (level 1). In this level, students recognize the shapes by their properties. For instance, a student might think of a square which has four equal sides, four equal angles and equal diagonals. But they can not make relationships between these properties. For example, they can not grasp that equal diagonal can be deduced from equal sides and equal angles. The third level is theoretical level (level 3). The students can recognize the relationship between the figures and the properties. They discover properties of various shapes. For instance, some of the properties of the square satisfy the definition of the rectangle and they conclude that every square is a rectangle. The fourth level is formal logic level (level 4). The students realize the differences between axioms, definitions and theorems. Also, they prove the theorems and make relationships between the theorems. The fifth level is rigor level (level 4). In this level, students establish the theorems in different postulation sy stems (Fuys, Geddes, Tischler, 1988). As a result, the levels give information about students geometric thinking to the researchers and mathematics teachers. Mathematics teachers may guess whether the geometry problem will be solved by students or not and at which grade they will solve them. Section 2: Children thinking The van Hiele theory explains the students thinking level in geometry. The levels are important but how students think is as important as their thinking level. To ascertain how students think related to mathematics and especially geometry, a number of studies have been conducted (Carpenter, Fennema, Franke, 1996; Chang, 1992; Battista, Clements, 1995; Ãâ€"zbellek, 2003; Olkun, 2005; Ng, 1998; Okur, 2006). Some of these studies are related to mathematical thinking and some of them geometrical thinking. Carpenter et al. (1999) and Olkun (2005) studied childrens mathematical thinking and Chang (1992), Battista and Clements (1995), Ben-Chaim (1985), Olkun (2001), Ãâ€"zbellek (2003), Okur (2006) and Ng, (1998) carried out research studies related to childrens geometrical thinking. An important study related to mathematical thinking has been conduct by Carpenter, Fennema and Franke initiated over 15 years ago in USA and the name of this study is Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) which is described as the teacher development program. Cognitively Guided Instruction sought to bring together research on the development of childrens mathematical thinking and research on teaching (Franke, Kazemi, 2001). Carpenter, Fennema and Franke (1996) stated that Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) focuses on childrens understanding of specific mathematical concepts which provide a basis for teachers to develop their knowledge more broadly. The Cognitively Guided Instruction (CGI) Professional Development Program engages teachers in learning about the development of childrens mathematical thinking within particular content domains. (Carpenter, Fennema, Franke, Levi, Empson, 1999). These content domains include investigation of childrens thinking at different problem situat ions that characterize addition, subtraction, multiplication and division (Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, 1992). In order to understand how the children categorize the problems, Carpenter et al. (1992) conducted a study. According to this study, Fennema, Carpenter, and Franke (1996) portrayed how basic concepts of addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division develop in children and how they can construct concepts of place value and multidigit computational procedures based on their intuitive mathematical knowledge. At the end of this study, with the help of childrens actions and relations in the problem, for addition and subtraction, four basic classes of problems can be identified: Join Separate, Part-Part-Whole, and Compare and Carpenter et all. (1999) reported that according to these problem types, children develop different strategies to solve them. The similar study has been carried out by Olkun et al (2005) in Turkey. The purpose of these two studies is the same but the s ubjects and the grade level are different. Olkun et al (2005) studied with the students from kindergarten to 5th grade but the students who participated in Carpenters study is from kindergarten through 3rd grade (Fennema, Carpenter, Franke, 1992). Furthermore, CGI is related to concepts addition, subtraction, multiplication and division but the content of the study done in Turkey is addition, multiplication, number and geometrical concepts (Olkun et al, 2005). Although the grade level and the subjects were different, for the same subjects, addition and multiplication, the solution strategies of the students in Olkuns study are almost the same as the students in CGI. But the students in the study of Carpenter used wider variety of strategies than the students in Turkey even if they are smaller than the students who participated in Olkuns study. This means that grade level or age is not important for developing problem solving strategies. On the other hand, there are some studies related to childrens geometrical thinking which are interested in different side of geometrical thinking. Ng (1998) had conducted a study related to students understanding in area and volume. There were seven participants at grade 4 and 5. For the study, she interviewed with all participants one by one and she presented her dialogues with students while they are solving the questions. She reported that students who participated in the study voluntarily have different understanding level for the concepts of area, and volume. She explained that when students pass from one level to another, 4th grade to 5th grade, their thinking becomes more integrated. With regard to its methodology and its geometry questions, it is valuable for my study. On the contrary to Ng, Chang (1992) chose his participants at different levels of thinking in three-dimensional geometry. These levels were determined by the Spatial Geometry test. According to this study, students at lower levels of thinking use more manipulative and less definitions and theorems to solve the problems than high level of thinking. On the other hand, the levels of two-dimensional geometry identified by the van Hiele theory. The results were the same as the three-dimensional geometry. In this case, Chang (1992) stated that the students at the lower levels of thinking request more apparatus and less definitions and theorems to solve the problems. Moreover, for both cases, the students at the higher levels of thinking want manipulative at the later times in the problem-solving process than the students at the lower level of students. The result of this study indicated that using manipulative require higher level of thinking. By providing necessary manipulative, I hope th e students use higher level of thinking and solve the problems with different strategy. Besides of these studies, Ben-Chaim et all. (1985) carried out the study to investigate errors in the three-dimensional geometry. They reported four types of errors on the problem related to determining the volume of the three-dimensional objects which are composed of the cubes. Particularly, they categorize these errors two major types which students made. These major types of errors defined as â€Å"dealing with two dimensional rather than three and not counting hidden cubes† (Ben-Chaim, 1985). The similar study was conducted by Olkun (2001). The aim of this study is to explain students difficulties which they faced with calculating the volume of the solids. He concluded that while students were finding the volume of the rectangular solids with the help of the unit cubes, most of the students were forced open to find the number of the unit cubes in the rectangular solids. Also, the students found the big prism complicated and they were forced open to give life to the organiz ation of the prism which was formed by the unit cubes based on the column, line and layers in their mind, i.e. they got stuck on to imagine the prism readily. (Olkun, 2001). The categorization of students difficulties will be base for me to analyze difficulties related to geometry problems of the students who are participant of my study. Besides of these studies, Battista and Clements (1996) conducted a study to understand students solution strategies and errors in the three-dimensional problems. The study of Battista and Clements (1996) was different from the study of Ben-Chaim (1985) and Olkun (2001) in some respect such as Battista and Clements categorized problem solving strategies but Ben-Chaim and Olkun defined students difficulties while reaching correct answer. Categorization of the students problem solving strategies in the study of Battista and Clements (1996) is like the following: â€Å"Category A: The students conceptualized the set of cubes as a 3-D rectangular array organized into layers. Category B: The students conceptualized the set of cubes as space filling, attempting to count all cubes in the interior and exterior. Category C: The students conceptualized the set of cubes in terms of its faces; he or she counted all or a subset of the visible faces of cubes. Category D: The students explicitly used the formula L x W x H, but with no indication that he or she understood the formula in terms of layers. Category E: Other. This category includes strategies such as multiplying the number of squares on one face times the number on other face.† (Battista Clements ,1996). At another study of Battista and Clements (1998), their categorization was nearly the same but their names were different than the study which has done in 1996. In this study, they categorized the strategies as seeing buildings as unstructured sets of cubes, seeing buildings as unstructured sets of cubes, seeing buildings as space filling, seeing buildings in terms of layer and use of formula. Battista and Clements (1996, 1998) concluded that spatial structuring is basic concept to understand students strategies for calculating the volume of the objects which are formed by the cubes. Students should establish the units, establish relationships between units and comprehend the relationship as a subset of the objects. Actually, these studies are important for my study since they gave some ideas about different solutions for solving these problems. Also, different categorization of students geometry problems strategies will help me about how I can categorize students strategies. Also, In addition to these studies, Seà §il (2000), Olkun (2001), Olkun, Toluk (2004), Ãâ€"zbellek (2003) and Okur (2006) have been conducted studies in Turkey. Seà §il (2000) has investigated students problem solving strategies in geometry and Okur (2006) have studied the reason of failure in geometry and ways of solution. In the study of Ãâ€"zbellek, the misconceptions and missing understandings of the students related to the subject angles at grade 6 and 7. Also, studies has been done to investigate the difficulties of students related to calculating the volume of solids which are formed by the unit cubes (Olkun, 2001) and the effects of using materials on students geometric thinking (Olkun Toluk, 2004). As a result, in order to understand children thinking, several studies has been conducted. Some of them were related to children mathematical thinking and some of them were interested in childrens geometrical thinking. These studies dealt with childrens thinking in different aspects and so their findings are not related to each other. But the common idea is that spatial ability and geometrical thinking are correlated positively. Since spatial reasoning is intellectual operation to construct an organization or form for objects and it has important role to for constructing students geometric knowledge (Battista, 1998). Section 3: Spatial Ability The USA National Council of Teachers of Mathematics (2000)explained that the spatial ability is useful tool to interpret, understand and appreciate our geometric world and it is logically related to mathematics (FennemaTartre, 1985). On the other hand, McGee (1979) describes spatial ability as â€Å"the ability to mentally manipulate, rotate, twist or invert a pictorially presented stimulus object†. Since spatial ability is important for childrens geometric thinking, the development of it has been investigated by several studies. First and foremost study has been carried by Pia

Tuesday, November 12, 2019

Evolution of white women in society Essay

During the colonial chronology of the United States, many a historian pictured women as better situated than their more recent contemporaries (Mary Beth Norton, 1984). The value of women in the colonies was premised on the survival mode of the colonists during that time (Norton, 1984). To survive, both male and female were expected to pull their own weight in the community for the common good of the community (Norton, 1984). Due to this situation, the common lines of separation on the roles of women from the men were blurred greatly (Norton, 1984). As such, women in the colonies could engage in the activities that were also done by the men folk in the community (Norton, 1984). But what gave women a distinct advantage was that they could produce offspring, a very large contribution to the survival of the colonies (Norton, 1984). Also, the Common Law as it was applied in England was not fully complied with in the colonies (Norton, 1984). Hence, women were able to contribute more fully in the life of the colonies (Norton, 1984). Today’s society bears little distinction in the role of women in the colonies. At present, women are doing many of the duties and employment that men have usually been pictured. Women can do what the men are doing to be able to cope with the increasing costs of living in the present economy of many countries. Most are successful in many of traditional endeavors of man. Sadly, there are opponents from both sides, one saying that women must be confined to their traditional station, while another seeks greater power for the women. What lies in the crux of the issue is the issue of equality for both sexes. We must treat women as vital instruments to the growth of a society, not only as objects to look and admire at. That aim can be achieved in terms of affording greater avenues for women to make that contribution, not locking them away from them. In this day and age, all hands count in the survival of a community. Reference Norton, M. B. (1984). The evolution of white women’s experience in early America. The American Historical Review, Volume 89, pp. 539-619

Sunday, November 10, 2019

Cellphone

Spending six hours without my cellophane was a very difficult task for me because I have created an android dependency without being aware of it. I personally don't make too many calls; instead I use excessively the Watchstrap Application for free text messages, and what makes me dependent or attached to it is the feeling of being â€Å"connected† to my friends and family at any time.At first, It was frustrating, I went through the anxiety of finding it and turning It on but gladly I did not; the same kind of anxiety I have experienced in the past when I went too meeting and I had denuded touched my pocket to feel my mammals cellophane, only to find It minutes later In my purse. Then, told myself â€Å"It's going to be Just 6 hours, I can handle that, I will be okay†, and tried to concentrate on other matters. I am glad today that I was able to accomplish a lot of things without my cellophane and computer In those 6 hours.First, I got some homework done rather quickly: it took me no more than two hours to read four chapters of two different subjects, Archeology and American Politics. After that, I rote some basic ideas on a piece of paper in relation to an assignment I needed to do later. Then I went to the Supermarket and came back to my room, where I placed all the groceries in the kitchen and refrigerator. And finally, I went out for dinner at a local restaurant.Perhaps the most difficult task I had to adjust to without my cellophane was reading, because I have acquired in the last few years the bad habit of checking my cellophane constantly, especially when I felt bored or distracted. Nonetheless, I tried to incinerate on my reading, which was hard at the beginning, but as I kept doing it, the cellophane anxiety went away and I honestly felt really good with myself. After the 6 hours passed, I didn't felt the urgent necessity to run and turn the cellophane or the computer on.I confess that I am happily surprised that I was able to go about dur ing 6 hours of my day without my cellophane and computer, and engaged instead in very productive work. I am now convinced that I wouldn't have been able to finish my homework and other tasks In time with my cellophane or computer around. At the end of the day, I really felt relieved that I TLD have to be expecting anxiously at all times, as I had before, all the multiple notifications, e-mails and Watchstrap messages I normally receive on any day of my life.Cellophane By greenmailed have created an android dependency without being aware of it. I personally don't â€Å"connected† to my friends and family at any time. At first, it was frustrating, I went through the anxiety of finding it and turning it on but gladly I did not; the same kind of anxiety I have experienced in the past when I went to a meeting and I had denuded touched my pocket to feel my missing cellophane, only to find it minutes later in my purse.Then, I told myself â€Å"it's going to be Just 6 hours, I can h andle that, I will be okay', and lot of things without my cellophane and computer in those 6 hours. First, I got some homework done rather quickly; it took me no more than two hours to read four engaged instead in very productive work. I am now convinced that I wouldn't have been able to finish my homework and other tasks in time with my cellophane or computer around. At the end of the day, I really felt relieved that I didn't have to be

Friday, November 8, 2019

Human Resources Practice Essay Essay Example

Human Resources Practice Essay Essay Example Human Resources Practice Essay Essay Human Resources Practice Essay Essay The Human Resources Profession Map was developed by the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development ( CIPD ) to help the HR industry and its professionals to accommodate to the turning and future demands. puting out the foundation for planetary criterions of competence for the HR profession. It recognises that people could come in the HR profession from a diverse scope of backgrounds. Talking at the 2009 CIPD Conference Chief Executive Jackie Orme added: â€Å"The map will let us to keep cogency while bettering flexibleness: the flexibleness to run into the demands of Renaissance mans and specializers and to back up professionals at all degrees. and the cogency to guarantee HR professionals and employees likewise can be confident that a CIPD making delivers non merely the capablenesss needed for today. but the capacity to accommodate to the turning demands that will be placed on the profession in the hereafter. † The map is an online. synergistic tool located on the CIPD web site for all HR and L A ; D professionals to utilize. It explains the specializer maps. behavioral accomplishments and cognition required in order for HR forces to present effectual support to any administration. The profession map is linked to the ‘My HR Map’ . which is a self appraisal tool supplying targeted recommendations to better accomplishments and maximize calling potency. The map comprises of 10 professional countries at four different sets and eight key behaviors HR professionals need to execute their function and are considered benchmark within the industry. There are four sets of professional competency listed below which highlight the hierarchy of the profession and run along with the behaviors and professional countries. Band One – Administrator / Support Level – Generally client focussed persons. who support co-workers with disposal maps Band Two – Advisor Level – Responsible for presenting HR policies to employees. pull offing the HR related issues amongst squads Band Three – Management Level – Responsible for implementing scheme. alteration and HR policies Band Four – Director Level – Leads and manages an administration or professional country. developing scheme There are eight cardinal behaviors listed below which describe the cognition and skills a HR professional should embrace and how they should transport out their activities. A description of each of the eight key behaviors listed below and how they relate to the HR professional can be seen in Appendix 1. CuriousDecisive mindSkilled influencerPersonally believableCollaborativeDriven to presentCourage to disputeRole theoretical account There are 10 professional countries. including two nucleus countries viz. ‘Insights. scheme and solutions’ and ‘Leading HR’ . Both countries are cardinal to all HR professionals. regardless of their function. degree or specialism. The staying eight countries listed below show the cognition and see a HR professional should be competent within. A description of each of the 10 professional countries listed below and how they relate to the HR professional can besides be seen in Appendix 1. Service bringing and informationAdministration designAdministration developmentResourcing and endowment planningLearning and endowment developmentPerformance and wagesEmployee battleEmployee dealingss Although I do non work in HR. from reexamining the HR Profession Map I can see that I relate to Band 1 ‘Service bringing and information’ . 10. 1. 1 – It is really of import within my function as a Customer Contact Team Manager to set up client demands rapidly and inquiry everything. My squad seek information from me on a day-to-day footing and I must be prepared to supply them with an reply. nevertheless this can merely be done if I have understood the state of affairs and fortunes environing the question. When covering with client service questions we aim to happen a resoluteness which is suited for both the client and the company. this is no different within a HR function. 10. 7. 1 – We have service flat understandings environing the function and must follow with legislative demands such as the Data Protection Act. when covering with clients information. and the Consumer Credit Act. when covering with clients fiscal information and processing payments. As we are employed by an outsourcing company ttl Automotive and onsite with the client Porsche Cars Great Britain. we besides have organizational processs and policies which must be adhered to for both companies. We must be aware that we are stand foring both companies at all times. onsite we represent ttl Automotive. nevertheless when covering with clients we represent the Porsche trade name. 10. 9. 1 – My twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours function involves many HR elements. I have listed below some of the countries I am responsible for: – Managing public presentation– Pull offing absence degrees– Recruitment and choice of new staff– Training and development of new and existing staff– Working within service degree understandings in alliance with company policy and marks – Guaranting conformity with statute law and company policy I am cognizant of what I am accountable for and have authorization to action within the kingdom of my function. for illustration I can turn over out information to the squad. process staff petitions and keep this information on a database. I can bring forth absence studies for the direction squad. complete return to work interviews and organise occupational wellness visits. I am responsible for the enlisting procedure and interview of new staff. and set monthly/quarterly and one-year aims for the squad based on information received from my line director and the HR squad. However. when there is an issue which falls outside of my cognition and experience I seek advice and counsel from the HR squad who guide me through the procedure. For illustration. in a old function a member of staff came into work intoxicated. it unluckily was late at dark as I worked for a 24 hr call Centre therefore a co-worker and I had to cover with this incident. It was a really hard state of affairs to cover with at the clip and when the HR squad were informed the following twenty-four hours they aided me in finishing all the necessary paperwork as this was deemed as gross misconduct. 10. 13. 1 – In 2012 Porsche took the determination to alter outsourcing companies. this was an unsure clip for the squad and I as we were diffident if we would be made redundant in the procedure. Fortunately it was a instance of the squad traveling across to the new outsourcing company. which involved the TUPE procedure. During the passage clip. it was really of import for the squad and I to keep the degree of service we had ever provided and to stay every bit flexible as possible throughout the alteration. During the procedure our new outsourcing company. ttl Automotive. had their ain ways of working so many meetings were held in order to guarantee they complied with how Porsche wished for the contract to be managed. This resulted in really small impact on the squad and the passage period went really swimmingly. 10. 14. 1 A ; 10. 16. 1 – There were advantages to altering companies. for illustration as we were a new squad ttl Automotive requested we pilot the alteration from paper payslips to e-mail payslips. We were besides involved in the testing phase of on-line vacation signifiers and were requested to supply our user experience via a feedback portal called Survey Monkey. I truly embraced this as I felt the company were frontward believing and advanced. I myself am acute to happen better. smarter. more efficient ways of working and late implemented an on-line payment system. which once more the squad were required to prove prior to launch. Change is ever an interesting clip and at that place will ever be hurdlings. nevertheless if finally it is good for the company and more significantly the user so it is for the greater good. Within my function I deal with a assortment of clients. for illustration there are internal clients such as members of the senior direction squad. line directors and employees. I besides have external clients. for illustration enlisting bureaus and providers who we have service contracts with. Activity 2 The three chief clients I deal with regularly are senior directors. line directors and employees. It is of import for me to set up and understand each clients need rapidly and the timeframe they require it be to sue within. I must so reexamine each petition and prioritise based on degree of importance. I am frequently managing a figure of client petitions at any one clip. which can do struggle. nevertheless I guarantee I prioritise on the footing of what is deemed to be a concern critical issue and these are dealt with as a affair of urgency. With this in head it is besides of import to put the outlooks of each client so they are cognizant when their petition will be actioned. this can frequently relieve any struggle. I have late had the undermentioned petitions from internal clients. which I have placed in the order of precedence. CustomerCustomer demandPriority LevelSenior ManagerEventuality Planing1stLine ManagerRecruitment2ndEmployeeFlexible working3rd In the procedure of reexamining the company’s overall strategic program. senior directors were requested to develop alternate schemes as a agency to suit unexpected conditions or events. such as economic recessions or ruinous events. I had besides been asked to finish this for my ain squad and deemed this as a concern critical petition. hence set about guaranting it was completed as a precedence within the timeframe set. Second a line director required aid with the enlisting procedure. following a member of his squad being promoted. As it had been agreed that the member of staff would go on in the function until a replacement was found. this was non deemed every bit critical as the eventuality planning nevertheless could be actioned in the background. For illustration. interceding with caput office and subjecting the sanctioned occupation description onto on-line occupation boards and the company web site. Whilst we were concentrating on organizing the eventuality planning. the enlisting programme could run in the background leting us to obtain a figure of CV’s for when we were ready to get down with reappraisal and choice for interview. Finally an employee whilst on pregnancy leave contacted the section wishing to derive farther information on flexible working. Whilst this is really of import and finally could hold an consequence on the concern. the employee had a figure of months before she was due to return hence I made the determination that I could action this petition within the HR team’s service degree understanding of 48 hours when reacting to petitions. Within my function there are many signifiers of communicating used. for illustration: verbal. written signifier and practical/presentation. The type of communicating used is dependent on the nature of the petition or state of affairs. I have associated at Appendix 2. where I have detailed the advantages and disadvantages of the three chief methods of communicating I use in my twenty-four hours to twenty-four hours function. When sing the above internal client petitions several communicating methods were used. for illustration the eventuality be aftering coordination was completed with a mixture of verbal and written. and eventually practical when showing the findings. I. alongside my co-workers. were present in group brainstorming Sessionss where ‘if. buts and maybes’ were exhaustively discussed and explored. our attending allowed us to supply support and counsel as and when required. Written counsel notes had besides been prepared by the Senior Manager and stated the demands of the program and how she wished for the squads to bring forth their findings. The advantages of utilizing a assortment of communicating methods for this peculiar petition catered for all mode of different acquisition manners enabling all participants to understand the brief and hence contribute consequently. However. it is non ever necessary or appropriate for all communicating methods to be used. When sing the 3rd petition above. it would be important for any information provided for the employee sing flexible working to be communicated in written signifier. as verbally can easy be misunderstood and e-mail excessively informal. I ever follow up any telephone or face to confront conversations such as this with a missive and mention the employee to the staff enchiridion for concluding verification. I believe it is my duty to guarantee the information provided is accurate. relevant and delivered in a timely mode. and hence should be followed up in composing to avoid any future issues. In my function as Customer Contact Team Manager I am responsible for the Service Level Agreements ( SLA’s ) with Porsche Cars Great Britain and ttl Automotive. The SLA’s are reviewed yearly and are a cardinal measuring index in showing effectual service bringing. bring forthing service on clip and within the in agreement budget. I meet with both companies on a quarterly footing to guarantee we are following with the agreed footings and to foreground any concerns. The ailments process underpins the procedure for the administration. which is followed consequently. Recently a client made a ailment to Porsche Head Office as they had non received their invitation to the driving experience Centre following the purchase of a new Porsche. I established really rapidly that the invitation had non yet been sent due to the franchise falsely puting the vehicle order. which resulted in the invitation non being generated. I dealt with the client personally and intelligibly he was really defeated to hold non received the degree of service he had come to anticipate of the trade name. I followed the administrations processs for covering with client ailments. and am pleased I was able to decide his question by working within the guidelines set and offering suited compensation for the incommodiousness he had experienced. he has since remained an advocator of the Porsche trade name.

Wednesday, November 6, 2019

Value Analysis Research Paper

Value Analysis Research Paper Value Analysis Research Paper Introduction Employees should undertake their tasks with integrity and honesty. By taking the role of the two virtues, they invoke the respect and trust from their employers. Levy (2000) regards honesty as the best policy at the workplace. An employee should endeavor to be valuable to the company. One needs to be trustworthy and dependable if the employer is to value them. Employers completely lose trust in their employees when they steal from them; stealing can be in terms of money and time. Money theft is however taken with seriously than that of time. Telling lies to the employer or to a senior person at the workplace destroys an employee’s image; this is because employees misrepresent themselves. Working for Revol Wireless was one of the most has been very pleasant experience for me. As a sales manager, my work was to oversee all the operations in the sales department. As a sales manager I had the power to recruit and hire sales staff for the company. I recruited, trained and later on hired my cousin as a sales associate. We had a healthy working relationship until I discovered that he had been giving exaggerated figures on the sales so that he can get a higher commission. He could forge receipts and afterward use then as ‘evidence’ of the sales made. I had built trust on him hence I did not bother to critically analyze his activities. Sometimes he would just use word of mouth to tell me about his progress, I took his word not realizing that he was a con. When the inconsistencies were large enough, his dirty acts were finally exposed. It was very disappointing to discover that the person I had put my trust on had betrayed my trust. This affected me since this incident could have incriminated me given that he is my cousin. Somehow, this thought made me to feel as if I was responsible for his mistakes; I kept on telling myself that I was to blame. It was even harder to imagine that the person I had worked so hard to train has been taking me for a ride. Looking back, I should have been more careful since some weeks before this shocking revelation, I had noticed some discrepancies but I ignored. This had been going on for some time and it took a while before I discovered his mischief. This act had gone against the company’s ethical code. This completely broke the trust I had in him. Dishonesty destroys a good working relationship between an employer and an employee; it breaks the trust that the employer had on the employee. Different beliefs and their attempt to solve the problem Confucianism holds that not all lying is bad; there are good and bad lies. Confucius states that it is okay for a son to protect his father during trial of a non-violent offense through lying (Murphy 2004). Sometimes lying can be regarded as a noble act. These are the kind of lies that people tell to protect loved ones from getting hurt. Supporters of this belief would not forward the sales associate since this would only present a bad image. A straightforward person does what is believed to be right but ends up hurting other people. Covering up for someone we hold dear is the main teaching of this beliefs system. Protocol would have demanded that such a person to be forwarded to the authorities. Using Confucianism arguments, the sales associate should not be taken to the authorities. The management is not aware of this fraud hence it will be easy to fix the problem at the sales department level. Covering up for the sales person would be the ultimate solution for this case. Confucian ism will regard this as a good lie. Upanishadic teachings emphasize on the importance of working earnestly. There is emphasis on the need to undertake all work to our best while we leave God to do the rest. Man is expected to play his role in a proficient manner but no one should try to undertake God’s work. There is need to approach the sales associate and ask him to explain the reason for his dishonesty. It is unwise for man to judge since this is the work of God. The associate need to seek spiritual proficiency since this will help him to become proficient in his work. There is need for spiritual nourishment since this will form the basis for self-assessment. There is no need to worry about the punishment of such an individual since this is the work of God. This is God’s part and He is the only one who can perform it perfectly (Scarry Scarry 2010). Hinduism is a belief that teaches people on the importance of integrity. It is believed the dishonest can never escape punishment. Human beings may view dishonesty as a violation of law but time comes when the offenders pay for their mistakes. Every person has a duty to tell the truth if they are to avoid the wrath of Goddess Parvathi. Every dishonest act that we as human being do is legible to punishment. Covering up for the mistakes of the sales associate will mean that the witness is a sinner too and judgment shall fall upon him. Punishment for dishonesty does not have to follow a legal proceeding since a spiritual power makes those who were involved in such acts to suffer for their sins. Dishonest people can never get away with their crime. Confession and telling the truth about what happened can help in solving the problem. The victim should not deny his involvement in the crime since this will only invoke punishment (Hollinger 1999). The Bible teaches Christians that God hates a tongue that lies. In Christianity lying is defined as deliberate falsehood. Christianity teachings state that God hates a lying tongue and a witness who tells false lies. The sales associate has committed a sin according to these teachings because he has been pretending to be something he is not. The Bible recommends that such a person needs to confess his sins so that forgiveness can be granted. If he fails to confess that he has sinned, he cannot be forgiven. The Bible would require the associate to humble himself while asking for forgiveness. Condemnation will fall upon him on the judgment day if he fails to repent his sins. Hypocrisy and deceits are linked together and praying for forgiveness is the only way that the sinner can escape God’s wrath. Marxism envisages morality as a very important aspect in a society. It regards a society as having transcended morals (Greenberg 2010). A society can only be regarded as moral if the people living within it take their roles seriously. This belief system however holds that there are no rules that can be used to judge morality. The crime in question cannot be regarded as serious or not. There is no scale that can be used to gauge the kind of punishment that is appropriate for certain crimes. The sales associate went against the rules of the company but this should not be used as a basis for judging him; this is not enough reason to prove that he is immoral. This belief system suggests that the rules of morality keep changing hence there is no one definition of morality. There are no rules that can be used to determine the degree of crime that the sales associate has committed. However, there is need to analyze the situation further since the perception of the crime may be different to both the management and the sales director. Existentialism holds that actions have an inherent moral attribute. There is a common belief among the proponents of this belief that people need to behave appropriately if they are to be regarded as good people. Doing what is right has some advantages since it make us feel valuable. We need to do what is right if we are to be regarded as morally upright. The sales associate should be reported to the concerned authorities since he has broken the rules. Going against the rules of the company is wrong hence it is important for the sales manager to deal with the case in the most appropriate way; this should obviously be guided by the rules and regulations of the company. There is need to do what is expected hence the sales associate’s mistake should not be overlooked because he is the sales director’s cousin. The law should take its course in this case since this is what protocol demands. Personal basic belief system The Hinduism belief system is my basic belief system. This belief system gives nature a chance to take its course. Evil doers may escape with impunity but they can never escape the wrath of the supernatural being. The legal processes are an important part of the judicial system but their powers are limited. It is impossible for someone to go through this life doing what is wrong and then live a happy life. Nature has a way of ensuring that such people receive their punishment before they land six feet under. Someone may be jailed for some few years and once they are released, they go back to their former ways of life. The punishment from the Holy one cannot be overlooked since it bears effects that cause much suffering. Whenever someone wrongs others even if it is through stealing from an employer, this selfish act is punishable (Gaskin 2002). There are various ways in which people can escape such punishment, confessing and asking for forgiveness saves the people from punishment. Deliberate sins are very serious and assailants should be heavily punished. Hinduism acknowledges the power of the Holy one and it is their belief that He is able to revenge for them. Judgment and punishment is God’s work and He is the only one who can undertake his responsibility well. When one’s conscience is dead, it is only the punishment of a supernatural being that can reverse things. Dishonesty is one of the vices that Hinduism opposes and its judgment is serious since one can even die. The court processes are important in ensuring that justice prevails but they are not the ultimate solution to all criminal offenses such as employee dishonesty. Most basic descriptive value Honesty and dependability helps to build a strong character. Honesty ensures that many problems within the working environment are solved appropriately. It is an important aspect in business in the same way it is to our personal lives. When someone is honest at work, they tend to win the trust of their employers after a short period of time. Honesty makes one to gain respect and trust within the company. If the sales associate has not lied about the sales, he would not have tainted his name hence the sales director would have continued to respect him. Honesty enables employees to work according to the values that they have set. This is an important aspect since it helps to guide those in lower positions how to conduct themselves. When one is honest at the work place, he or she acquires a clear understanding of the important things and this is a very useful aspect in decision making. In a work environment, dependability entails giving the employer a reason to trust the employee’s ability to undertake a certain task (Paloutzian Park 2005). This is an important aspect since it ensures that the employee can be entrusted with certain tasks. When someone is dependable, there is no need to have a supervisor since such people can perform their roles with minimum supervision; their proficiency does not depend on whether they are being watched or not. People need to be honesty and dependable if they are to escape the punishment of the supernatural being. The two values are emphasized in the Hinduism belief system since they form character. The most basic moral values The most basic moral values that emerge from Hinduism concerning the issue of honesty are the need for patience and man’s acknowledgement that God is the ultimate judge. There is no way that man’s judgment can compare to God’s. I am a relativist since I believe that it is my personal traits that enable me to judge situations. In this case, it is advisable to let God play his role since He is the overall determinant of how our lives will be tomorrow and the days to come. He has the power to decide the most appropriate time to punish wrongdoers. Human beings may rush to judge these people but this judgment may not have a huge impact as that of God. Supernatural powers are not to be joked around with since their punishment is real. As a deontologist, stealing from an employer is wrong not because the employer is unknowing but because stealing is a vice (Waardenburg 1999). The moral rightness of an act is considered in terms of the outcomes it brings about. It is wrong to steal from an employer even if the salary or commission is low; there are better ways to solve such an issue such as engaging in a dialogue. It is wrong for man to undertake God’s role in judgment since He is the only judge who is allowed to make final judgments. Local tribunals may try criminals but God’s punishment is ideal. It has the power to make an individual to make a u-turn in his life. Deontologists define morality in terms of following the set rules and regulations. The rules establish actions that have been recognized as true. Since the sales associate’s act deceived the sales director intentionally, this person is moral wrong. It is important to follow a set of rules so that rightness can be upheld. Teleology does not present convincing arguments. The arguments that someone can just endeavor to be happy for no reason at all is illogical. People strive to be happy for various reasons. A person can work hard to attain financial independence so that they can enjoy the fruits of their hard labor later in life (Gaskin 2002). We all strive to be happy for various reasons and among them is attaining a sense of belonging. The sales executive did not just steal for the sake of it; he had an undisclosed reason for stealing from the employers. Resolving the problem Dishonesty at the workplace is one of the vices that break the good working relationship between employers and employees. Ethics is a very important part of the workplace. In resolving this problem appropriately, to start with it is important to get the sales person to confess the sins he has committed. Next, it is important to get into the bottom of the problem by asking the sales associate why he was dishonest. The reason provided will form good grounds for proper judgments to be made. If the reasoning is not convincing, the person needs to face the law. It is important to note that it would be unwise to refuse to listen to the reasoning given since it may point to some loopholes within the organization. Listening helps the employer to critically analyze the situation; this helps in determining the kind of decision will be made to determine the fate of the suspect. Conclusion At the work place, honesty forms the basis of a good working relationship between the various staff of different levels. The moment dishonesty sets in; the good working relationship is destroyed. Stealing from the employer is one of the most common mistakes that employees make. Most of them steal with the hope that the employer will never find out. When discrepancies are discovered, the trust that employers had on employees is destroyed. The case in question involves a sales associate who steals by lying about the amount of sales made with the aim of earning a higher commission. There are several religious beliefs that have attempted to solve this problem depending on the unique beliefs of the religious group. The ideas of world views such as Marxism and Existentialism have also been applied in solving the case. My basic belief system is Hinduism, its way of dealing with the issue of honesty reasonable. This beliefs system presents such moral values as the importance of allowing God to be the overall judge and the fact that God’s judgment is inevitable. The ethical problem in the case can be solved best if the reason behind such misconduct is identified. This will ensure that the sales director will decide on the way forward. custom writing service can provide you with a high-quality custom research paper on any topic and in any subject you need. Feel free to order your paper online.